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The impact of development currents and Covid-19 on income distribution: a panel data analysis for OECD countries

Kalkınma carilerinin ve Covid-19’un gelir dağılımına etkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi

Hüseyin Kutbay(KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-8819-1846
M. Taylan Yavuzer(ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7808-8290
Pages
81–91
Publication Date
2025-12-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings indicate that while education expenditures reduce income inequality, health expenditures increase it.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Income distribution is a critical issue for economic and social stability, and the role of public expenditures in improving income distribution has become increasingly prominent in policy debates.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This study uses a panel data analysis to examine the effects of development currents and the COVID-19 crisis on income distribution in 25 OECD countries.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings indicate that while education expenditures reduce income inequality, health expenditures increase it.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2008 Verileri
⚙️Variables:kalkınma carileri · eğitim harcaması · sağlık harcaması

Abstract

Income distribution is a critical issue for economic and social stability, and the role of public expenditures in improving income distribution has become increasingly prominent in policy debates. In this perspective, essential to examine the influence of education and health expenditures, referred to as development-currents, on income distribution during periods of global crisis. This study uses a panel data analysis to examine the effects of development currents and the COVID-19 crisis on income distribution in 25 OECD countries. Based on annual data from 2008 to 2021, the study employs the Driscoll-Kraay estimator to address potential cross-sectional dependence and autocorrelation. The findings indicate that while education expenditures reduce income inequality, health expenditures increase it. Education enhances access to economic opportunities and supports more equitable income distribution, whereas health spending may disproportionately benefit higher-income groups, resulting in asymmetric effects across the population. The COVID-19 crisis has been shown to diminish income inequality, primarily because of extensive fiscal interventions, including direct cash transfers, unemployment payments, and social protection programs, which mitigated the adverse impacts on low-income populations. This study is one of the pioneering efforts to explore the distributional effects of development currents during COVID-19 . It offers valuable insights for policymakers design inclusive and equitable public expenditure strategies.

Özet

Gelir dağılımı, ekonomik ve toplumsal istikrar açısından önemli bir konu olup, kamu harcamalarının bu dağılımı iyileştirici rolü politika tartışmalarında giderek daha fazla ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kalkınma carileri olarak adlandırılan eğitim ve sağlık harcamalarının yanı sıra küresel krizlerin gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, 25 OECD ülkesinde kalkınma carilerinin ve Covid-19 krizinin gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisini panel veri analizi yöntemiyle incelemektedir. 2008–2021 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak Driscoll-Kraay tahmincisiyle yapılan analizden elde edilen bulgulara göre; eğitim harcamalarının gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığı, sağlık harcamalarının ise gelir eşitsizliğini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Çünkü eğitim harcamaları bireylerin ekonomik fırsatlara erişimini artırarak gelir dağılımını iyileştirirken, sağlık harcamalarının etkisi gelir grupları arasında asimetrik olabilmektedir. Covid-19 krizinin gelir dağılımını iyileştirici etkisi ise, birçok ülkede uygulanan doğrudan nakit transferleri, işsizlik ödemeleri ve sosyal destek paketleriyle, düşük gelirli kesimlerin krizden daha az etkilenmesi sayesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, kalkınma carilerinin Covid-19 sürecinde gelir dağılımına etkisini inceleyen öncü çalışmalardan biridir ve politika yapıcılara önemli bulgular sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Kutbay, H., Yavuzer, M. T. (2025). The impact of development currents and Covid-19 on income distribution: a panel data analysis for OECD countries. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 72, 81–91. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1705071

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