Journals / Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Joint Investigation Teams in Combating Transnational Crime

Sınır Aşan Suçlarla Mücadelede Ortak Soruşturma Ekipleri

Sibel Can(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi)0000-0001-8569-4088
Pages
195–238
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The study concludes that the JIT mechanism should be supported by a clear legal framework in Turkish law, taking into account both efficiency and legal certainty.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The increasing complexity of transnational crime makes it difficult for national criminal justice systems to conduct effective investigations through traditional mutual legal assistance mechanisms.
📊
Key Findings & Data:From the Turkish perspective, although Türkiye is party to several international conventions allowing for the establishment of JITs, the absence of a comprehensive domestic framework in Law No. 6706 creates legal uncertainties, particularly concerning request and agreement procedures and the admissibility of evidence obtained within JITs in Turkish criminal proceedings.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The study concludes that the JIT mechanism should be supported by a clear legal framework in Turkish law, taking into account both efficiency and legal certainty.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ortak Soruşturma Ekipleri (JITs) · Sınır Aşan Suçlar · Uluslararası Adli İş Birliği

Abstract

The increasing complexity of transnational crime makes it difficult for national criminal justice systems to conduct effective investigations through traditional mutual legal assistance mechanisms. In this context, Joint Investigation Teams (JITs) have emerged as a sui generis model of judicial cooperation, enabling the judicial and law enforcement authorities of two or more States to conduct joint investigations, for a defined period and purpose, into specific offence(s). This article examines JITs from the perspective of international criminal law, with a view to analysing their legal nature, normative foundations and operational functioning. The article argues that JITs do not constitute supranational bodies based on a transfer of state sovereignty; rather, they represent a mechanism of judicial cooperation grounded in the law of the state where the investigative activity is conducted (lex loci), reflecting a functional and limited sharing of sovereignty. The advantages of JITs over classical mutual legal assistance, in terms of speed, coordination and lower costs, as well as the risks created in relation to the collection and assessment of evidence, are examined on a comparative basis. From the Turkish perspective, although Türkiye is party to several international conventions allowing for the establishment of JITs, the absence of a comprehensive domestic framework in Law No. 6706 creates legal uncertainties, particularly concerning request and agreement procedures and the admissibility of evidence obtained within JITs in Turkish criminal proceedings. The study concludes that the JIT mechanism should be supported by a clear legal framework in Turkish law, taking into account both efficiency and legal certainty.

Özet

Sınır aşan suçluluğun giderek karmaşıklaşması, ulusal ceza adalet sistemlerinin klasik adli yardımlaşma mekanizmalarıyla etkin bir soruşturma yürütmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Ortak soruşturma ekipleri (Joint Investigation Teams – JITs), bu bağlamda, iki veya daha fazla devletin adli ve kolluk makamlarının belirli bir suç ya da suçlar bakımından, belirli bir süre ve amaç çerçevesinde ortak soruşturma yürütmesine imkân tanıyan sui generis bir adli iş birliği modeli olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu kurumu uluslararası ceza hukuku perspektifinden ele alarak, hukuki niteliğini, normatif dayanaklarını ve operasyonel işleyişini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makalede, ortak soruşturma ekiplerinin devlet egemenliğinin devrine dayalı ulus‑üstü organlar değil, esasen faaliyetin yürütüldüğü devlet hukukuna (lex loci) bağlı, fonksiyonel ve sınırlı bir egemenlik paylaşımına dayanan adli iş birliği aracı olduğu savunulmaktadır. Ortak soruşturma ekiplerinin klasik adli yardımlaşmaya göre sağladığı hız, koordinasyon ve düşük maliyete ilişkin avantajlar ile delillerin elde edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi bakımından ortaya çıkan riskler karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye açısından ise ortak soruşturma ekibi kurulmasına imkân veren uluslararası sözleşmelere taraf olunmasına rağmen, 6706 sayılı Kanun’da kapsamlı bir iç hukuk düzenlemesinin bulunmaması, özellikle talep–anlaşma usulleri ile ortak soruşturma ekibi kapsamında elde edilen delillerin Türk ceza muhakemesinde kullanılabilirliği konusunda hukuki belirsizlikler yaratmaktadır. Çalışma, ortak soruşturma ekipleri mekanizmasının hem etkinlik hem de hukuki güvenlik yönleri birlikte gözetilerek, Türk hukukunda açık bir yasal çerçeveyle desteklenmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşmaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Can, S. (2026). Joint Investigation Teams in Combating Transnational Crime. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 195–238. https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd..1928724

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (28)

  1. Adalet Bakanlığı Dış İlişkiler ve Avrupa Birliği Genel Müdürlüğü (DİABGM), Avrupa Birliğinde Cezai Konularda Uluslararası Adli İş Birliği (ed Ahmet Ulutaş, Adalet Bakanlığı, Ankara 2021)
  2. Bakker E and Powderly J, Joint Investigation Teams: Added Value, Opportunities and Obstacles in the Struggle against Terrorism (Expert Meeting Paper, International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague 2011)
  3. Council of Europe and European Union, Guidelines on the Use of Joint Investigation Teams - JIT THB WB Project (Use of Joint Investigation Teams (JIT) to Fight Trafficking in Human Beings (THB) in the Western Balkans (WB) Project) (2013)
  4. Council of the European Union, ‘Joint Investigation Teams – Proposal for Designation of National Experts’ Council Doc 11037/05 (Brussels, 8 July 2005)
  5. Egamberdiev DA, ‘International Legal Mechanism for Establishing Joint Investigation Teams among States in the European Region’ (2024) 1(6) American Journal of Education and Evaluation Studies 54–65
  6. Explanatory Report to the Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Strasbourg 2001) ETS No 182
  7. Geelhoed W, ‘Joint Investigation Teams in the Netherlands – What Lessons Can Be Learned from the Dutch Model?’ (2018) 11 Zeitschrift für Internationale Strafrechtsdogmatik (ZIS) 465
  8. Griffiths C and Jackson A, ‘Intercepted Communications as Evidence: The Admissibility of Material Obtained from the Encrypted Messaging Service EncroChat’ (2022) 86(4) The Journal of Criminal Law 271
  9. Jávorszki T, ‘Joint Investigation Teams as a Specific Form of Mutual Assistance’ (2013) 151 Studia Iuridica Auctoritate Universitatis Pecs Publicata 47
  10. Jávorszki T, ‘Setting up and Operating Joint Investigation Teams’ (2013) 8 European Police Science and Research Bulletin 37
  11. JITs Network, 5th JIT Evaluation Report (Publications Office of the European Union 2025)
  12. Kapplinghaus J, ‘Joint Investigation Teams: Practical Experience and Historical Background’ in UNAFEI Resource Material Series No 73 (2007) 115
  13. Nidel D, ‘Structural Ambiguity: Typologizing Joint Investigation Teams in the European Union’ (2025) 3(2) Transnational Criminal Law Review 153
  14. Ökmen M, ‘Setting up Joint Investigation Teams as a Type of International Legal Assistance’ (2020) 19(1) İKÜHFD 113
  15. Rebecchi MC, ‘Joint Investigation Teams: A Reachable Solution to Catch Unreachable Criminals’ (2016) 7(Special Conference Issue) Queen Mary Law Journal 95
  16. Rijken C, ‘Joint Investigation Teams: Principles, Practice, and Problems. Lessons Learnt from the First Efforts to Establish a JIT’ (2006) 2 Utrecht Law Review 99
  17. Tezcan D, Erdem MR ve Önok RM, Uluslararası Ceza Hukuku (7. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık 2023)
  18. Terziev V, Petkov M and Krastev D, ‘Concept of Joint Investigation Teams’ (2021) 7(19) IJASOS – International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences 324
  19. The Network of National Experts on Joint Investigation Teams (JITs Network), Joint Investigation Teams: Practical Guide (Publications Office of the European Union 2017)
  20. The Network of National Experts on Joint Investigation Teams (JITs Network), Joint Investigation Teams: Practical Guide (Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg 2021)
  21. Council Resolution on a Model Agreement for Setting up a Joint Investigation Team (JIT), OJ C 18/1, https://www.europol.europa.eu/cms/sites/default/files/documents/jit-2017-model-en.pdf Date of Access 24 December 2025
  22. Eurojust, ‘What We Do’, https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/about-us/what-we-do Date of Access 20 December 2025
  23. Eurojust, ‘Judicial Cooperation Instruments’ in Eurojust Annual Report 2024 (webpage) https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/annual-report-2024/judicial-cooperation-instruments Date of Access 22 December 2025
  24. Eurojust, Supporting Judicial Authorities in the Use of Joint Investigation Teams (Factsheet, June 2020) https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/2020_06_jits_factsheet_en.pdf Date of Access 27 January 2026
  25. Eurojust and Europol, ‘Funding Schemes – Issue 5 (October 2024)’ https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/files/europol-eurojust-funding-schemes-issue-5-october-2024.pdf Date of Access 28 December 2025
  26. Europol, ‘Joint Investigation Teams’ https://www.europol.europa.eu/partners-collaboration/joint-investigation-teams Date of Access 10 January 2026
  27. Europol, ‘Dismantling Encrypted Criminal EncroChat Communications Leads to over 6 500 Arrests and Close to EUR 900 Million Seized’ https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/dismantling-encrypted-criminal-encrochat-communications-leads-to-over-6-500-arrests-and-close-to-eur-900-million-seized Date of Access 10 January 2026
  28. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), ‘United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)’ https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/UNTOC.html Date of Access 21 December 2025.