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Journals / Verimlilik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 59 Sayı: 3

Adoption of Industry 4.0 in Developing Countries: Scale Development and Empirical Validation

Endüstri 4.0’ın Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Benimsenmesi: Ölçek Geliştirme ve Ampirik Doğrulama

Sayıl Saçak Düzgün(ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2890-2917
Üstün Özen(ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7595-4306
Derya Fındık(ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-3002-4391
Pages
683–700
Publication Date
2025-07-21
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Given that the literature on scale development is largely confined to developed nations or specific sectors, this research fills a significant gap within the context of developing countries.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring the factors influencing the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in developing countries.
📊
Key Findings & Data:By identifying these factors, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how developing economies can more effectively manage their transition processes towards Industry 4.0.
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Conclusion & Impact:Given that the literature on scale development is largely confined to developed nations or specific sectors, this research fills a significant gap within the context of developing countries.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Endüstri 4.0 · Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler · Ölçek Geliştirme

Abstract

Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring the factors influencing the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in developing countries. By identifying these factors, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how developing economies can more effectively manage their transition processes towards Industry 4.0. Methodology: A systematic scale development process was followed in the study. In the initial phase, scale items were generated based on a comprehensive literature review and expert opinions. Subsequently, preliminary tests and pilot applications were conducted to assess the face validity of the scale. In the final phase, survey data collected from a large sample were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the construct validity properties of the scale. Findings: The analysis revealed that the factors influencing the adoption of Industry 4.0 could be categorized into eight distinct dimensions. The developed scale demonstrated high validity and reliability, and its factor structure was confirmed to be robust. Originality: This study represents one of the first systematically developed scales to measure the factors influencing Industry 4.0 adoption in developing countries. Given that the literature on scale development is largely confined to developed nations or specific sectors, this research fills a significant gap within the context of developing countries.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin benimsenmesini etkileyen faktörleri ölçmek üzere geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Söz konusu faktörlerin tespit edilmesiyle, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerin Endüstri 4.0'a yönelik geçiş süreçlerini daha etkin bir şekilde nasıl yönetebileceklerine dair kapsamlı bir anlayış sunulması hedeflenmektedir. Yöntem: Çalışmada sistematik bir ölçek geliştirme süreci izlenmiştir. İlk aşamada, kapsamlı bir literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda ölçek maddeleri oluşturulmuştur. Ardından, ön test ve pilot uygulamalar gerçekleştirilerek ölçeğin görünüş geçerliliği değerlendirilmiştir. Son aşamada, geniş bir katılımcı kitlesine uygulanan anket verileri açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile incelenerek ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği özellikleri test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda, Endüstri 4.0’ın benimsenmesini etkileyen faktörlerin sekiz farklı boyuta ayrıldığı belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik değerleri yüksek bulunmuş ve faktör yapısının güçlü olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Özgünlük: Bu çalışma, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde Endüstri 4.0'ın benimsenmesini etkileyen faktörleri ölçen ilk sistematik ölçeklerden biridir. Gelişmiş ülkeler veya belirli sektörlerle sınırlı alan yazın göz önüne alındığında, bu araştırma gelişmekte olan ülkeler bağlamında önemli bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Düzgün, S. S., Özen, Ü., Fındık, D. (2025). Adoption of Industry 4.0 in Developing Countries: Scale Development and Empirical Validation. Verimlilik Dergisi, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 3, 683–700. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1647544

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