Dergiler / SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF ATHLETES WITH DISABILITIES: PRIOR TO THE TOKYO PARALYMPIC GAMES

Fatma Betül Yardımcı(MARDİN ARTUKLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ. SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, FİZİK TEDAVİ VE REHABİLİTASYON BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0003-4656-6176
Bahar Anaforoğlu(ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2148-0379
Sayfa
93–108
Yayın Tarihi
2026-03-28
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Ek olarak, engelliliklerini ve yüksek seviyedeki atletik performanslarını başarıyla dengeleyen Paralimpik sporcular yeni koşullara uyum sağlayabilirler ve çeşitli engellere karşı dayanıklılık gösterebilirler.

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Amaç & Hipotez:Sporcuların hazırlık dönemindeki psikolojik durumlarındaki değişikliklerin nasıl olduğunun araştırılması, oyunlara hazırlık aşamasındaki değerlendirme ve planlamanın önemli bir parçasıdır.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bu çalışmanın amacı, Tokyo 2020 Paralimpik Oyunlar'a hazırlanan sporcular arasında zaman içinde değişen anksiyete, depresyon ve stres semptom seviyelerini incelemekti.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Ek olarak, engelliliklerini ve yüksek seviyedeki atletik performanslarını başarıyla dengeleyen Paralimpik sporcular yeni koşullara uyum sağlayabilirler ve çeşitli engellere karşı dayanıklılık gösterebilirler.
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:2020 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:2020 Tokyo Paralimpik Oyunlar · Anksiyete · Depresyon

Özet

Sporcuların hazırlık dönemindeki psikolojik durumlarındaki değişikliklerin nasıl olduğunun araştırılması, oyunlara hazırlık aşamasındaki değerlendirme ve planlamanın önemli bir parçasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Tokyo 2020 Paralimpik Oyunlar'a hazırlanan sporcular arasında zaman içinde değişen anksiyete, depresyon ve stres semptom seviyelerini incelemekti. Değerlendirmeler üç kez yapıldı: Paralimpik Oyunları'ndan 40, 20 ve 1 hafta önce. Durumluk-Sürekli Anksiyete Envanteri (STAI) durumluk ve sürekli anksiyete seviyelerini belirlemek için, Epidemiyolojik Araştırmalar Merkezi Depresyon Ölçeği (CES-D) depresyonu değerlendirmek için, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (PSS-14) stres seviyelerini belirlemek için kullanıldı. Çalışmadaki sporcuların ortalama yaşı 32,87±8,56 idi. Bu çalışmaya 15 kadın (%33,3) ve 30 erkek (%66,7) dâhil edildi. Sporcuların ortalama spor yılları 10,21±5,54 idi. Çalışmadaki 45 sporcunun %62,2'si 2020 Tokyo Paralimpik Oyunlar' da yarışırken, %37,8'i yarışmadı. Tokyo Paralimpik Oyunları’na hazırlanan sporcuların anksiyete, depresyon ve algılanan stres düzeyleri genel olarak düşük bulundu ve zaman içinde anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlemlenmedi (p > 0.05). Paralimpik Oyunları’na katılım durumu veya COVID-19 ile ilişkili değişkenlere göre psikolojik sonuçlar açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Ancak kadın sporcuların, Oyunlar’dan 40 ve 20 hafta önce ölçülen sürekli anksiyete düzeylerinin anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu; ayrıca Oyunlar’dan 20 hafta önce algılanan stres düzeylerinin de erkek sporculara kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Spor yapan engelli kişiler günlük yaşam, engellilik, elit sporlar ve COVID-19 pandemi süreci dâhil olmak üzere çeşitli sorunlarla başa çıkma konusunda gelişmiş stratejiler geliştirebilirler. Ek olarak, engelliliklerini ve yüksek seviyedeki atletik performanslarını başarıyla dengeleyen Paralimpik sporcular yeni koşullara uyum sağlayabilirler ve çeşitli engellere karşı dayanıklılık gösterebilirler.

Abstract

Investigating changes in athletes’ psychological states during the preparation period is a significant part of the evaluation and planning during the preparation stage for the games. The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms levels changes over time among athletes preparing for the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. The assessments were performed three times: 40, 20, and 1 week before the Paralympic Games. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to determine state and trait anxiety levels, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depression, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was used to establish stress levels. The athletes in the study had an average age of 32.87±8.56. Fifteen women (33.3%) and 30 men (66.7%) were recruited for this study. The average sports years for the athletes were 10.21±5.54. While 62.2% of the 45 athletes in the study competed in the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games, 37.8% did not. Overall levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were low among athletes preparing for the Tokyo Paralympic Games, and no significant changes were observed over time (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in psychological outcomes according to Paralympic participation or COVID-19–related variables. However, female athletes demonstrated significantly higher trait anxiety at both 40 and 20 weeks before the Games, as well as higher perceived stress at 20 weeks prior to the Games. Disabled people who participate in sports may develop enhanced coping strategies for a variety of issues, including daily living, disability, elite sports, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Paralympic athletes who successfully balance their impairment and high-level athletic performance can adjust to new conditions and demonstrate resilience against various challenges.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Yardımcı, F. B., Anaforoğlu, B. (2026). LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF ATHLETES WITH DISABILITIES: PRIOR TO THE TOKYO PARALYMPIC GAMES. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 93–108. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1755311

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