KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

G7 Ülkelerinde Finansal Gelişmenin Sağlık Harcaması Üzerine Etkisini Ortaya Çıkarma

Uncovering The Impact of Financial Development On Health Expenditure In G7 Countries

Cuma Demirtaş(AKSARAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1475-5530
Sayfa
688–713
Yayın Tarihi
2026-09-23
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

KGDP değişkeni ise genel olarak anlamlı ve pozitiftir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2021 arasındaki yıllık veri setini kullanarak G7 ülkelerinde finansal gelişmenin sağlık harcaması üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bağımlı değişken cari sağlık harcaması iken, bağımsız değişkenler; Model I’de finansal kurumlar (FID, FIA, FIE) ve Model II’de finansal piyasa (FMD, FMA, FME) göstergeleridir.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:KGDP değişkeni ise genel olarak anlamlı ve pozitiftir.
🔬Tür:Modelleme & Sayısal Simülasyon
📍Kapsam:2000-2021 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:Finansal gelişme · Sağlık harcaması · G7 ülkeleri

Özet

Çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2021 arasındaki yıllık veri setini kullanarak G7 ülkelerinde finansal gelişmenin sağlık harcaması üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bağımlı değişken cari sağlık harcaması iken, bağımsız değişkenler; Model I’de finansal kurumlar (FID, FIA, FIE) ve Model II’de finansal piyasa (FMD, FMA, FME) göstergeleridir. Her iki model kontrol değişken olarak gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) kullanmştır. Finansal kurumlara ait değişkenlerden FID (İtalya ve ABD hariç) pozitif işarete sahipken, Almanya’da anlamsızdır. FIA ise tüm ülkelerde pozitif olmasına rağmen sadece Kanada ve Fransa’da anlamlıdır. Panel sonuçlarına göre FID ile FIA pozitif ve anlamlı iken, FIE ise negatif ve anlamsızdır. Finansal Piyasalara ait değişkenlerden FMD tüm ülkelerde pozitif olmasına rağmen sadece Japonya’da anlamlıdır. FMA ile FME ise Kanada ve Almanya hariç tüm ülkelerde pozitif olmasına rağmen sadece Fransa’da anlamlıdır. Panel sonuçlarına göre sadece FMD pozitif ve anlamlı iken, FMA pozitif, FME ise negatif anlamsızdır. KGDP değişkeni ise genel olarak anlamlı ve pozitiftir.

Abstract

The aim of the study is to analyse the impact of financial development (FD) on health expenditure (HE) in G7 countries using the annual data set between 2000-2021. The dependent variable is current HE, while the independent variables are financial institutions (FID, FIA, FIE) in Model I and financial market (FMD, FMA, FME) indicators in Model II. Both models use gross domestic product (GDP) as a control variable. Among the variables of financial institutions, FID has a positive sign (except Italy and the USA), it is insignificant in Germany. Although FIA is positive in all countries, it is significant only in Canada and France. According to the panel results, FID and FIA are positive and significant, FIE is negative and insignificant. Among the financial markets variables, although FMD is positive in all countries, it is significant only in Japan. Although FMA and FME are positive in all countries (Canada and Germany except), they are significant only in France. According to the panel results, only FMD is positive and significant, while FMA is positive and FME is negative and insignificant. The per capita GDP variable is generally significant and positive.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Demirtaş, C. (2026). G7 Ülkelerinde Finansal Gelişmenin Sağlık Harcaması Üzerine Etkisini Ortaya Çıkarma. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 688–713. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1610803

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (46)

  1. Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., & Zilibotti, F. (2006). Distance to frontier, selection, and economic growth. Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(1), 37-74.
  2. Aghion, P., Howitt, P. (1998). Endogenous growth theory. MIT Press.
  3. Arvas, M. A., Demirtas, C., Yildirim, E. S., & Ilikkan Ozgur, M. (2023). Does economic policy uncertainty cause environmental pollution? fresh evidence from developed countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(49), 107921-107937.
  4. Baltagi, B. H., Lagravinese, R., Moscone, F., & Tosetti, E. (2017). Health care expenditure and income: A global perspective. Health Economics, 26(7), 863-874.
  5. Baltagi, B.H. (2008). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester.
  6. Blomquist, J., & Westerlund, J. (2013). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels with serial correlation. Economics Letters, 121(3), 374-378.
  7. Boyle, S. (2011). United Kingdom (England). Health Systems Review, 13(1).
  8. Busse, R., & Blümel, M. (2014). Germany: Health system review. Health systems in transition, 16(2), 1-296.
  9. Chevreul, K., Brigham, B., Durand-Zaleski, I., & Hernández-Quevedo, C. (2015). France: health system review. Health systems in transition, (17/3), 1–xvii.
  10. Chireshe, J., & Ocran, M. K. (2020). Financial development and health care expenditure in Sub-Saharan African countries. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1771878.
  11. Demirtaş, C., & Özgür, M. I. (2022). The effect of Information-Communication Technologies (ICT) and air pollution on health expenditures. Sosyoekonomi, 30(51), 199-214.
  12. Donou-Adonsou, F. (2022). The effects of health conditions on financial sector development. Economic Modelling, 114, 105947.
  13. Driscoll, J., & Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80, 549-560.
  14. Dupas, P., & Robinson, J. (2013). Why don't the poor save more? Evidence from health savings experiments. American Economic Review, 103(4), 1138-1171.
  15. Esen, E., & Çelik Keçili, M. (2021). Economic growth and health expenditure analysis for Turkey: Evidence from time series. Journal of the knowledge economy, 1-15.
  16. Giulio de Belvis, A., Meregaglia, M., Morsella, A., Adduci, A., Perilli, A., Cascini, F.,. & Scarpetti, G. (2022). Italy: Health System Review. Health systems in transition, 24(4), 1-236.
  17. Gujarati, D. N. (2011). Temel Ekonometri. (G. Ş. Ü. Şenesen, Çev.) İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
  18. Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), 281-312.
  19. International Monetary Fund (IMF), Financial development index database. https:// data.imf.org/?sk¼F8032E80-B36C-43B1-AC26-493C5B1CD33B, 2021. (Accessed 14 September 2024).
  20. Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.
  21. Koomson, I., Abdul-Mumuni, A., & Abbam, A. (2021). Effect of financial inclusion on out-of-pocket health expenditure: Empirics from Ghana. The European Journal of Health Economics, 22(9), 1411-1425.
  22. Lorenzoni, L., Belloni, A., & Sassi, F. (2014). Health-care expenditure and health policy in the USA versus other high-spending OECD countries. The Lancet, 384(9937), 83-92.
  23. Lucas, R. E. (1990). Why Doesn’t Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries? The American Economic Review, 80(2), 92–96. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2006549
  24. Marchildon, G. P., Allin, S., & Merkur, S. (2020). Canada: Health System Review. Health, 22(3).
  25. Martin, A. B., Hartman, M., Lassman, D., & Catlin, A. (2021). National health care spending in 2019: Steady growth for the fourth consecutive year. Health Affairs, 40(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.02022
  26. Matsuda, S. (2019). Health policy in Japan–current situation and future challenges. JMA journal, 2(1), 1-10.
  27. Motkuri, V., & Khan, A. U. (2018). Macroeconomy and health in India. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/84512/1/MPRA_paper_84512.pdf
  28. Nica, E., Poliakova, A., Popescu, G. H., Valaskova, K., Burcea, S. G., & Constantin, A. L. D. (2023). The impact of financial development, health expenditure, CO₂ emissions, institutional quality, and energy mix on life expectancy in Eastern Europe: CS-ARDL and quantile regression approaches. Heliyon, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21084
  29. Ortaliza, J., Amin, K., Cox, C., & Rae, M. (2021, July 15). How does health spending in the U.S. compare to other countries? In Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker. KFF. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578535/
  30. Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 653-670.
  31. Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  32. Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. J Appl Econom. https://doi.org/10. 1002/jae.951
  33. Rahim, F. U., & Muzaffar, S. (2024). Public health expenditure, financial development, and health outcomes in Pakistan: An analysis. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 5(1), 74-87.
  34. Rana, R. H., Alam, K., & Gow, J. (2021). Financial development and health expenditure nexus: A global perspective. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(1), 1050-1063.
  35. Romer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5, Part 2), S71-S102.
  36. Saksena, P., Xu, K., & Evans, D. B. (2011). Impact of out-of-pocket payments for treatment of noncommunicable diseases in developing countries: a review of literature. Geneva: World Health Organization [WHO], Department of Health Systems Financing. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85712/1/HSS_HSF_DP.E.11.2_eng.pdf
  37. Saygin, O., & Iskenderoglu, O. (2022). The nexus between financial development and renewable energy consumption: A review for emerging countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(10), 14522-14533.
  38. Shi, G., Wang, D., & Altuntaş, M. (2022). Financial development and health outcomes: Do financial globalization matter in selected Asian economies? Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 843935.
  39. Silva, N., Tavares, A. I., Koengkan, M., & Fuinhas, J. A. (2024). Analyzing the impact of fiscal conditions on private health expenditures in OECD countries: a quantile ARDL investigation. International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 1-25.
  40. Svirydzenka, K. (2016). Introducing a New Broad-Based Index of Financial Development (January 2016). IMF Working Paper No. 16/5, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2754950
  41. Tengilimoğlu, D. (2023). Economic growth and health expenditures relationship between OECD countries. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1322388.
  42. Tufail, M., Song, L., & Khan, Z. (2024). Green finance and green growth nexus: Evaluating the role of globalization and human capital. Journal of Applied Economics, 27(1), 2309437. DOI: 10.1080/15140326.2024.2309437
  43. Uddin, I., Khan, M. A., Tariq, M., Khan, F., & Malik, Z. K. (2024). Revisiting the determinants of life expectancy in Asia—Exploring the role of institutional quality, financial development, and environmental degradation. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(5), 11289-11309.
  44. Westerlund, J. (2005). New simple tests for panel cointegration. Econometric Reviews, 24(3), 297-316.
  45. Zhang, M., Tian, Y., & Khan, M. K. (2024, April). Time series approach to examine the impact of economic uncertainty, economic growth, and financial development on human health. In Natural Resources Forum. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  46. Giulio de Belvis, A., Meregaglia, M., Morsella, A., Adduci, A., Perilli, A., Cascini, F.,. & Scarpetti, G. (2022). Italy: Health System Review. Health systems in transition, 24(4), 1-236.