Dergiler / Anadolu / 2025 / Sayı: 51

HERODOT 5.121: KARİALILAR MÖ 497/6’DA PERSLERİ NEREDE YENDİLER, LELEG YERLEŞİMİ PEDASA/GÖKÇELER’DE Mİ, KOLONİSİ GRİON’DAKİ PİDASA’DA MI, YOKSA STRATONİKEİA YAKINLARINDAKİ KARİA YERLEŞİMİ PİDASOS/PİDASON’DA MI? VE ‘KARİA YOLU’ NEREDEN GEÇİYORDU?

On Herodotus 5.121: Where Did the Karians Defeat the Persians in 497/6 BCE, at Lelegian Pedasa/Gökçeler, at Her Colony Pidasa-on-Grion, or at Karian Pidasos/Pidason Near Stratonikeia? And Where Does the ‘Karian Highway’ Run?

Dergi
Anadolu
Sayfa
113–192
Yayın Tarihi
2025-12-01
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Bu makalede, Geç Tunç Çağı’ndan itibaren merkez Karia’nın tarihi topografyası, Hitit ve daha sonra antik Yunan metinlerinin ve arkeolojik kanıtlarının yardımıyla kuzey-güney yönünde uzanan ana ‘Karia Yolu’ yeniden inşa edilerek eleştirel bir şekilde gözden geçirilmiştir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Herodotos’a göre (5.117‒121), MÖ 497/6’daki İon Ayaklanması’nın başlangıcında özgürlüklerine düşkün olan Karialılar işgalci Pers ordusuyla üç kez savaşmıştır.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Kuzeydeki Marsyas/Çine Çayı vadisinde yapılan meydan muharebelerindeki iki yıkıcı yenilgiden sonra, zaferle ve Perslerin tamamen yok edilmesiyle sonuçlanan üçüncü bir gece baskını, MÖ 494’e kadar süren bir çatışmasızlığı beraberinde getirmiştir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Bu makalede, Geç Tunç Çağı’ndan itibaren merkez Karia’nın tarihi topografyası, Hitit ve daha sonra antik Yunan metinlerinin ve arkeolojik kanıtlarının yardımıyla kuzey-güney yönünde uzanan ana ‘Karia Yolu’ yeniden inşa edilerek eleştirel bir şekilde gözden geçirilmiştir.
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Karia Yolu · Karkisa-Karia · Pedasa/Gökçeler

Özet

Herodotos’a göre (5.117‒121), MÖ 497/6’daki İon Ayaklanması’nın başlangıcında özgürlüklerine düşkün olan Karialılar işgalci Pers ordusuyla üç kez savaşmıştır. Kuzeydeki Marsyas/Çine Çayı vadisinde yapılan meydan muharebelerindeki iki yıkıcı yenilgiden sonra, zaferle ve Perslerin tamamen yok edilmesiyle sonuçlanan üçüncü bir gece baskını, MÖ 494’e kadar süren bir çatışmasızlığı beraberinde getirmiştir. Yeri bugüne kadar tartışmalı olan bu savaş, burada belirtildiği üzere, ne Halikarnassos yakınlarındaki Leleg yerleşimi Pedasa/Gökçeler yolu üzerinde, ne de bugünkü Danişment köyü yakınlarındaki kolonisi Grion’daki Pidasa’da değil, Atriya-İdrias-Stratonikeia’nın kuzeyindeki ‘Karia Yolu’ üzerindeki Karia yerleşimi Pedasos/Pedason’da yapılmıştır. Strabon (13.1.59 [C611]) tarafından bir kez ‘çok küçük bir kent’ (polychnion) olarak anılan bu yerin, açık linyit madeni sahasında yapılan kurtarma kazılarında Geometrik Dönem’den Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne (MÖ 8. yüzyıl‒MS 7. yüzyıl) kadar uzanan küçük bir yerleşimin ortaya çıkarıldığı bugünkü Börükçü ile özdeşleştirilmesi muhtemeldir. Bu makalede, Geç Tunç Çağı’ndan itibaren merkez Karia’nın tarihi topografyası, Hitit ve daha sonra antik Yunan metinlerinin ve arkeolojik kanıtlarının yardımıyla kuzey-güney yönünde uzanan ana ‘Karia Yolu’ yeniden inşa edilerek eleştirel bir şekilde gözden geçirilmiştir.

Abstract

According to Herodotos (5.117‒121), in 497/6 BCE in the beginning of the Ionian Revolt, the freedom-loving Karians fought the invading Persian army three times. After two devastating defeats in open battles in the northern Marsyas/Çine Çayı valley, a third nighttime ambush was victorious and resulted in the total annihilation of the Persians, leading to a stalemate which lasted until 494 BCE. The place of this battle is contested to date. As argued here, it is neither on the road at Lelegian Pedasa/Gökçeler near Halikarnassos, nor at her colony Pidasa-on-Grion near today’s Danişment, but at Karian Pedasos/Pedason on the ‘Karian Highway’ north of Atriya-Idrias-Stratonikeia. The site is once mentioned by Strabo (13.1.59 [C611]) as a ‘very little city’ (polychnion). It is likely to be identified with today’s Börükçü, where rescue excavations in an open lignite mining area have revealed a small settlement dating from Geometric until the early Byzantine Period (8th century BCE‒ 7th century CE). In the course of this article, the historical topography of central Karia since the Late Bronze Age is critically reviewed by reconstructing the main north-south running ‘Karian Highway’ with the help of Hittite and later ancient Greek texts and the archaeological evidence.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Herda, A. (2025). HERODOT 5.121: KARİALILAR MÖ 497/6’DA PERSLERİ NEREDE YENDİLER, LELEG YERLEŞİMİ PEDASA/GÖKÇELER’DE Mİ, KOLONİSİ GRİON’DAKİ PİDASA’DA MI, YOKSA STRATONİKEİA YAKINLARINDAKİ KARİA YERLEŞİMİ PİDASOS/PİDASON’DA MI? VE ‘KARİA YOLU’ NEREDEN GEÇİYORDU?. Anadolu, Sayı: 51, 113–192. https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1717114

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