Journals / Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi / 2013 / Cilt: 24 - Sayı: 3

Science, Psychiatry, andthe DSM

Bilim, Psikiyatri, DSM'ler

Pages
202–212
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The optimum approach today would be to redefine the discipline as neuropsychiatry.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The upcoming publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), provides an opportunity to revisit the seldom-addressed methodological issues in contemporary psychiatry.
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Key Findings & Data:It is therefore no surprise that, although our understanding of the neural basis and mechanisms of behavior has improved along with advances in the neurosciences, not a single DSM disorder has been validated by the discovery of a specific cause, pathophysiology, or structural abnormality since the adoption of the descriptive approach in 1980.
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Conclusion & Impact:The optimum approach today would be to redefine the discipline as neuropsychiatry.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The upcoming publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), provides an opportunity to revisit the seldom-addressed methodological issues in contemporary psychiatry. We think that DSM widely determines the scientific and clinical orientation of the discipline, and therefore provides a good vantage point to critique the current psychiatric methodology. The main scientific problem is a perseverative attempt at validating descriptively defined disorders that are standardized and simplified to achieve diagnostic reliability. Lack of a single psychiatric phenomenon that is valid, i.e. natural, for initiating any reduction limits research to inductive-probabilistic methods, basically correlational analyses. Furthermore, reduction in psychiatry is typically directed at basic sciences, neglecting general medical diagnoses as possible intermediary correlates. The subcategory “Due to a General Medical Condition” is elusive, and the biopsychosocial approach does no more than strengthen the brain-disease illusion surrounding DSM definitions by justifying psychiatry as a branch of medicine while failing to stipulate detailed medical assessment and discouraging psychopathology-based clinical reasoning. It is therefore no surprise that, although our understanding of the neural basis and mechanisms of behavior has improved along with advances in the neurosciences, not a single DSM disorder has been validated by the discovery of a specific cause, pathophysiology, or structural abnormality since the adoption of the descriptive approach in 1980. New knowledge involves single traits or dimensions of mood, thought, or behavior, none of which are specific to any disorder. The optimum approach today would be to redefine the discipline as neuropsychiatry.

Özet

Bu yazıda, DSM-5’in hazırlanması sürecinin psikiyatride bilimsel yönte- me ilgiyi canlandırması fırsatıyla, günümüz psikiyatrisinin sorunlu alan- larını bilim felsefesi bağlamında ele almayı amaçladık. DSM’nin yaygın kullanımının bilimi ve hekimliği büyük ölçüde belirlediği, dolayısıyla günümüz psikiyatrisinin temsili sayılabileceği kanısındayız. DSM-5’te betimsel yaklaşımın geçerli kalacağı, kategorik tanıların ağırlıkta olacağı anlaşılmaktadır. DSM-III’ten beri var olan bu yaklaşımın temel gerek- çesi, asıl hedef olan geçerlemenin koşulu olan güvenilirliği sağlamaktır. Aradaki sürede sinirbilimlerinin yeni teknolojiden yararlanan yetkin gözlem ve deneyleri sayesinde davranış-düşünce-duyguya ilişkin bilgide büyük artış olmuştur; ancak bilgi, psikiyatrinin (DSM’nin) tanımları- na değil, bunların bileşenleri olan ama hiçbirine özgü olmayan belir- ti boyutlarına ilişkindir. Bilgi artışının klinik psikiyatriye atfedilmesi, kavramsal tanımların doğal görüngüler (beyin hastalıkları) olarak tanın- masına, psikiyatride kanıta dayalı tıbbi modelin başarılı olduğu-olacağı yanılgısının pekişmesine, gerek psikopatoloji bilgisine dayalı anamnezin gerekse tıbbi değerlendirmenin ihmaline neden olmaktadır. Duygu- düşünce-davranış belirtileri karmaşıktır, kültürel özelliklerle çeşitlenir, dahili-nörolojik değerlendirmeden bağımsız kalarak biyolojiye-psikolo- jiye indirgenemez. Hekimlikte ve bilimde yanılgıdan ve zarar vermekten kaçınmak için nöropsikiyatri uzmanlığının tekrar tanınması ve eğitimin buna göre düzenlenmesi uygun bir yol olabilir.

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Cite This Article

ATBAŞOĞLU, E. C., GÜLÖKSÜZ, S. (2013). Science, Psychiatry, andthe DSM. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, Cilt: 24 - Sayı: 3, 202–212. https://ajindex.com/articles/88870

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