AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightMoreover, high serum RANKL levels are associated with smoking.
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Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on clinical parameters and the serum and saliva levels of RANKL, OPG, and IL-34 in periodontitis stage III grade C (III-C) patients after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Methods: A total of 60 subjects, 40 periodontitis-III-C patients (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 20 non-smoker periodontally healthy individuals, were included. All clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and unstimulated saliva and serum samples were collected from all patients at baseline, but at 1 and 3 months only from periodontitis patients (N=40). Saliva and serum levels of RANKL, OPG, and IL-34 were analyzed by ELISA. Results: At baseline only whole mouth probing depth (PD) and percent of sites with PD>5mm were higher in smokers than non-smoker periodontitis patients (p<.05). All periodontal measurements significantly improved in both periodontitis groups after NSPT (p<.001). After NSPT, the reduction in gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and mean PD in sites initially PD≥5mm were lower in smokers than nonsmoker periodontitis patients (p>.05). Only saliva IL-34 levels were higher in all-periodontitis patients than healthy individuals (p=.001) and decreased in both periodontitis groups after NSPT (p<.05). Moreover, elevated serum RANKL level was detected in smokers compared to nonsmoker periodontitis or healthy ones at baseline (p<.05). Serum RANKL levels exhibited no change after NSPT in either periodontitis groups. Conclusions: The smokers are less responsive to NSPT, and saliva IL-34 can be a potential inflammatory marker of periodontitis-III-C. Moreover, high serum RANKL levels are associated with smoking.