Modern and Folk Sports in Central Asia under Lenin and Stalin: Uzbekistan from 1925 to 1952

References (3)

1. Shirin Akiner, Central Asia: New Arc of Crisis? (London: Whitehall Paper Series, 1993), 11. David Lane, Soviet Society Under Perestroika (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990), 358-60. Formerly the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (founded 1898). Susan Grant, Physical Culture and Sport in Soviet Society: Propaganda, Acculturation, and Transformation in the 1920s and 1930s (London: Routledge, 2013); see also Sevket Akyildiz, ‘Soviet Physical Culture in Uzbekistan: Implementation and Social Impact’, in Sports and Coaching: Pasts and Futures, ed. Dave Day (Manchester: Manchester Metropolitan University, 2012), 105-122. Nikolaus Katzer and Sandra Budy and Alexandra Kohring and Manfred Zeller, Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society (Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010).
2. A. Timofeyev and Y. Kopytkin, Soviet Sport: The Success Story (Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1987).
3. Christel Lane, The Rites of Rulers: Ritual in Industrial Society: The Soviet Case (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1981), 29; see also Sevket Akyildiz and Richard Carlson, Social and Cultural Change in Central Asia: The Soviet Legacy (London: Routledge, 2014). Eva Maurer, ‘An Academic Escape to the Periphery? The Social and Cultural Milieu of Soviet Mountaineering from the 1920s to the 1960s’, in Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society, ed. Nikolaus Katzer (Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010), 159. Burcu Dogramaci, ‘Heading into Modernity: Sporting Culture, Architecture and Photography in the Early Turkish Republic’, in Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society, ed. Nikolaus Katzer (Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010), 112. The Communist Party resolution of 1925 highlights the comprehensive nature of physical culture: ‘… physical culture must be considered not simply from the stand-point of public health and physical education, not only as an aspect of the cultural, economic and military training of young people. It should also be seen as a means to educate the masses (inasmuch as it develops will power, teamwork, endurance, resourcefulness and other valuable qualities). It must be regarded, moreover, as a means of rallying the bulk of the workers and peasants to the various Party, government and trade-union organizations, through which they can be drawn into social and political activity… Physical culture must be an inseparable part of overall political and cultural education and of public health’, cited in Ja