Journals / Maliye Dergisi / 2010 / Sayı: 158

Government sponsored enterprises in the financial markets

Mali piyasalarda kamu destekli kurumlar

Pages
35–57
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this paper, it is examined the importance of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the U.S. mortgage markets and the avantages and dezavantages of them are discussed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) have been established in order to improve the workings of financial markets.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The GSEs are instrumentalities, not agencies, of the United States.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this paper, it is examined the importance of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the U.S. mortgage markets and the avantages and dezavantages of them are discussed.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) have been established in order to improve the workings of financial markets. The GSEs are instrumentalities, not agencies, of the United States. Congress created GSEs to improve the efficiency of capital markets and to overcome statutory and other market imperfections which otherwise prevent funds from moving easily from suppliers of funds to areas of high loan demand.The economic rationale for GSEs is the belief that without such government-sponsored institutions, a critical area of necessary debt financing would be underserved or served inefficiently. Today, GSEs primarily act as financial intermediaries to assist borrowers in housing and agriculture. Although they are privately owned, they benefit financially from government sponsorship. At present, there are seven GSEs in the U.S. financial markets. Three of the GSEs -Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and FHLBanks- have been operating in rhe residendial mortgage markets. In terms of meeting their original congressional objective, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been remarkably successful. In this paper, it is examined the importance of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the U.S. mortgage markets and the avantages and dezavantages of them are discussed.

Özet

Kamu destekli kurumlar, kredi piyasalarının etkinliğini artırmak amacıyla kurulmuşlardır. Bu kurumlar, ABD’de bir kamu kurumu değil, kamunun araçlarıdır. ABD’de Kongre, kamu destekli kurumları, sermaye piyasalarının etkinliğini artırmak ve fon fazlasına sahip bölgelerden fon talebinin yüksek olduğu bölgelere kolaylıkla hareket etmesini engelleyen yasal engellerin ve diğer piyasa engellerinin kaldırılması amacıyla yaratmıştır. Bunların kuruluşunun ekonomik gerekçesi, borçlanma yoluyla finansmanının gerekli olduğu bir alana, bu tür bir kurum yapısı olmaksızın hizmet götürülemeyeceği ya da etkin olarak hizmet edilemeyeceğine olan inançtır. Bugün kamu destekli kurumlar, konut ve tarım sektöründe ödünç almak isteyenlere yardım eden finansal aracılar olarak faaliyet göstermektedirler. Özel mülkiyette olmalarına rağmen, finansal olarak kamu desteğinden yararlanmaktadırlar. Bugün ABD finans piyasalarında yedi tane kamu destekli kurum vardır. Bunlardan üçü (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac ve FHLBanks) ipotekli piyasalarda faaliyet göstermekte olup, kendine verilen misyonu gerçekleştirmede çok başarılı olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada, bu üç kurumdan Fannie Mae ve Freddie Mac’in ipotekli piyasalarda önemi incelenmekte ve bu kurumların avantaj ve dezavantajları tartışılmaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

AKÇAY, B. (2010). Government sponsored enterprises in the financial markets. Maliye Dergisi, Sayı: 158, 35–57. https://ajindex.com/articles/79102

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (15)

  1. Ambrose, B.W. ve Warga, A. (2002), “Measuring Potential GSE Funding Advantages”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 25(3), 129-150.
  2. Ambrose, B.W. ve King, T. D. (2002), “GSE Debt and Decline in the Treasury Debt Market”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 34(3), August, 812-839.
  3. Bartlett, W. (1989),
  4. Mortgage-Backed Securities, NYIF Corp. New York. Brueggeman, W. B. ve Fisher, J. D. (2008),
  5. Real Estate Finance and Investments, Thirteenth Edition,
  6. MacGraw-Hill Irvin, New York. CBO (1991), Controlling the Risks of Government-Sponsored Enterprises, April, http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/90xx/doc9085/04-1991-GSEs_rev2.pdf (25/02/2009). CBO (2001a),
  7. Federal Subsidies, May, http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/28xx/doc2841/ GSEs.pdf (25/02/2009). CBO (2001b), Estimating the Value of Subsidies for Federal Loans and Loan Guarantees, August, http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/57xx/doc5751/08-19- CreditSubsidies.pdf (25/02/2009).
  8. CBO (2004), Updated Estimates of the Subsidies in the Housing GSEs, April, 8 http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/63xx/doc6303/04-21-GSEs.pdf (29/05/2009).
  9. CBO (2006), Meausuring the Capital Positions of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, June, http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/73xx/doc7323/06-23-FannieFreddie.pdf (29/05/2009). CBO (2008a), Policy Options for the Housing and Financial Markets, April, http://www.cbo.gov/ft (30/06/2009). CBO (2008b), CBO’s Estimate of Cost of the Administration’s Proposal to Authorize Federal Financial Assistance for the Government-Sponsored Enterprises for Housing, July 28, http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/95xx/doc9574/ 07-22-GSEs.pdf (30/06/2009).
  10. Ely, B. (2000), “Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: What’s at Risk?”, Wallison, P. J.(Edit.), Public Purposes and Private Interests, Volume.II, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 51-70.
  11. Fabozzi, Frank J. (Der.) (2007), The Handbook of Mortgage-Backed Securities, Sixth Edition, MacGraw-Hill Companies. Fannie Mae, (2009), The Annual 2008 Report, 26/02/2009, http://www.fanniemae.com/pdf/earnings/2009/form10_022609.pdf;issesionid=sj hhuxrozfhkljzfeczfecısfgı (23/05/2009).
  12. FED (2009),
  13. Federal Reserve Bulletin, March. FHFA (2007), Mortgage Markets and the Enterprises in 2006, June, http://www.fhfa.gov/webfiles/1161/MortgageMarkets.2006.pdf (29/04/2009).
  14. Freddie Mac (2009), The 2008 Annual Report, 03/11/2009, www.freddiemac.com/ investors/er/pdf_03/11/09 (23/05/2009).
  15. Frame, W. S. ve White, L. J. (2004), “Regulating Housing GSEs: Thoughts on Institurional Structure and Authorities”, Federal Reserve Bank