Journals / Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi / 2020 / Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 4

Are People Selfish? Based on the Behavioral Economics Games, the Altruistic Behaviors of Waqf Founder the Ottoman Empire to Reduce Poverty

İnsanlar Bencil mi? Davranışsal İktisat Oyunlarından Hareketle Osmanlı’da Vâkıfların Yoksulluğu Azaltan Alturistik Davranışları

Pages
2323–2340
Publication Date
2022-11-06
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

After all, it was determined that empathyinduced altruistic behavior that emerged in the ultimatum, dictator, trust and public good games, were thesame as the waqf founders’ altruistic behaviors.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:It is known that people do not merely consider their interests but also have been thinking about other peoplewith empathy in making decisions since the very first day of their existence.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Although mainstreameconomics mentions individuals maximizing their own interests, any behavior that will increase the welfareof the other regardless of interest is essentially an economic action.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:After all, it was determined that empathyinduced altruistic behavior that emerged in the ultimatum, dictator, trust and public good games, were thesame as the waqf founders’ altruistic behaviors.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

It is known that people do not merely consider their interests but also have been thinking about other peoplewith empathy in making decisions since the very first day of their existence. This type of positive socialbehavior is considered as altruism, empathy and love toward others. Altruistic behaviors, exhibited withoutexpecting a reward or something in return, prioritize the benefit of the others. Although mainstreameconomics mentions individuals maximizing their own interests, any behavior that will increase the welfareof the other regardless of interest is essentially an economic action. The aim of the study is to investigatethe behaviors of Ottoman waqf founders in favor of others or non-selfish behaviors in terms of altruisticfeatures based on behavioral economics games and concepts. After all, it was determined that empathyinduced altruistic behavior that emerged in the ultimatum, dictator, trust and public good games, were thesame as the waqf founders’ altruistic behaviors.

Özet

İnsanların var oldukları ilk günden beri aldıkları kararlarda sadece kendi faydalarını gözetmedikleri empati kurarak diğer insanları da düşündükleri bilinmektedir. Bu tarz olumlu sosyal davranışlar alturizm, empati ve başkalarını sevmek olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Alturizm olarak da kavramsallaştırılan ödül veya karşılık beklemeden sergilenen ve kişinin bir bedel ödeyebileceği alturistik davranış, diğerinin faydasını öncelemektedir. Ana akım iktisat bireylerin kendi çıkarlarını maksimize etmesinden bahsetmesine rağmen, çıkar gözetmeden diğerinin refahını arttıracak her türlü davranış da özünde iktisadi bir eylemdir. Çalışmanın amacı Osmanlı vakıf kurucularının başkalarının çıkarını gözeten veya bencil olmayan davranışlarını davranışsal iktisat oyunları ve kavramlarından yola çıkarak alturistik özellikler açısından araştırmaktır. Sonuç olarak, ültimatom, diktatör, güven ve kamu malı oyunlarında ortaya çıkan empatiye bağlı alturistik davranışın vakıf kurucularının alturistik davranışlarıyla aynı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

KAMİLÇELEBİ, H., GÜRSOY, Ç. (2022). Are People Selfish? Based on the Behavioral Economics Games, the Altruistic Behaviors of Waqf Founder the Ottoman Empire to Reduce Poverty. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 4, 2323–2340. https://ajindex.com/articles/645691

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (10)

  1. Aktan, C. C., Bahçe, A. B., (2015). “A Critique of Altruism from the Perspectives of Public Choice and Game Theory”, Journal of Law and Economics Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 25-56. (in Turkish). Andreoni, J., Bernheim, B. D., (2009). “Social image and the 50-50 norm: a theoretical and experimental analysis of audience effects”, Econometrica, Vol. 77, pp. 1607-1636.
  2. Ashraf, N., Camerer C. F., Loewenstein, G., (2005). “Adam Smith, Behavioral Economist”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 131-145.
  3. Barkan, O. L., (1939). "Les Problemes Fonciers dans l'Empire Ottoman au Temps de sa Fondation", 1 Annales d'Histoire Sociale, pp. 233-237.
  4. Batson, C. D., (1987). “Prosocial motivation: Is it ever truly altruistic?”, in L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 20, pp. 65–122.
  5. Batson, C. D., (1991). The Altruism Question: Toward a Social-Psychological Answer, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey. Batson, C. D., Bolen, M. H., Cross, J. A., Neuringer-Benefiel, H. E., (1986). “Where is the altruism in the altruistic personality?”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 212-220. Batson. C. D., (1990). “How social an animal? The human capacity for caring”, American Psychologist, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 336-346.
  6. Berg, J., Dickhaut, J., McCabe, K., (1995). “Trust reciprocity and social history”, Games and Economic Behavior, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 122-142.
  7. Bulut, M., Korkut, C., (2017). “A Look to The Ottoman Cash Waqfs As Altruistic Finance Model”, Philanthropy for Humanitarian Aid (CONPHA). Bulut, M., Korkut, C., (2019). “A Look to Cash Waqfs as an Indicator of Ottoman Financial Mentality”, The Journal of Waqfs, Special Issue. Bulut, M., (2015). “Ethics and Economics”, ADAM Academy Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 105-123. (in Turkish). Carlo, G., Eisenberg, N., Troyer, D., Switzer, G., Speer. A. L., (1991). “The altruistic personality: In what contexts is it apparent?”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 450–458.
  8. Comte, A., (2017[1875]). System of Positive Polity, Forgotten Books, USA. Cox, J., (2002). “Trust, Reciprocity, and Other-Regarding Preferences: Groups vs. Individuals and Males vs. Females,” in R. Zwick and A. Rapoport (eds.), Advances in Experimental Business Research, Kluwer Academic Publishers,
  9. Boston. Dawes, R., Thaler, R., (1988). “Cooperation”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 2, N. 3, pp. 187-197.
  10. De Waal, F. B., (2007). “Putting the Al