Journals / Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi / 2015 / Cilt: 45 - Sayı: 4

Tear Osmolarity, Break-up Time and Schirmer’s Scores in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson Hastalığında Gözyaşı Ozmolaritesi, Kırılma Zamanı ve Schirmer Değerleri

Pages
142–145
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Although not significant, the demonstrated tear osmolarity increment might be important to document the dry eye and inflammatory process of the ocular surface in PD patients. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45: 142-145)

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objectives: Dry eye is an important problem in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with a potential to affect life quality.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: PD patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year and healthy controls who admitted for refractive abnormalities were enrolled to the study.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Although not significant, the demonstrated tear osmolarity increment might be important to document the dry eye and inflammatory process of the ocular surface in PD patients. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45: 142-145)
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2015 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objectives: Dry eye is an important problem in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with a potential to affect life quality. Tear osmolarity, accepted as the gold standard in dry eye diagnosis, has not been studied in this subset of patients so far. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate tear osmolarity, Schirmer’s test scores and tear film break-up time (TBUT) in PD patients. Materials and Methods: PD patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year and healthy controls who admitted for refractive abnormalities were enrolled to the study. Subjects using any systemic medication with a possibility to affect tear tests were not included in the study. The presence of any ocular surface disorder, previous ocular surgery, previous dry eye diagnosis, any topical ophthalmic medication or contact lens use were other exclusion criteria. Age, gender, disease duration, and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) score for disease severity were noted, and blink rate (BR), Schirmer’s test score, TBUT and tear osmolarity of the right eye were measured in both groups. Results: Thirty-seven PD patients and 37 controls were enrolled to the study. The groups were age and gender matched. The mean disease duration and H&Y score were 5.70±2.64 years and 1.70±0.93, respectively. H&Y staging and disease duration were not correlated to BR, Schirmer’s scores, TBUT, or tear osmolarity (p>0.05). The mean BR was 8.54±4.99 blinks/minute in PD patients and 11.97±6.36 blinks/minute in the control group. Mean Schirmer’s scores, TBUT and osmolarity values were 9.08±4.46 mm, 11.38±4.05 seconds and 306.43±12.63 mOsm/L in the PD group and 17.16±9.57 mm, 12.81±3.66 seconds and 303.81±16.13 mOsm/L in the control group. The differences were significant only in BR and Schirmer’s scores. Conclusion: BR and Schirmer’s scores decreased significantly in PD patients. Although not significant, the demonstrated tear osmolarity increment might be important to document the dry eye and inflammatory process of the ocular surface in PD patients. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45: 142-145)

Özet

Amaç: Kuru göz, Parkinson hastalığında hayat kalitesini etkileme ihtimali bulunan önemli bir problemdir. Kuru göz hastalığının tanısında altın standart olarak kabul edilen gözyaşı ozmolaritesi bu hastalık grubunda bu zamana kadar çalışılmamıştır. Bu nedenle Parkinson hastalarında gözyaşı ozmolaritesinin Schirmer testi ve gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (GKZ) ile beraber değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Ge reç ve Yön tem: Asgari 1 sene takipli Parkinson hastaları hastaları ve refraksiyon muayenesine başvurmuş, sağlıklı kontroller çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gözyaşı testlerini etkileme ihtimali bulunan sistemik ilaç kullananlar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Herhangi bir oküler yüzey hastalığı, geçirilmiş oküler cerrahi öyküsü, kuru göz tanısı, topikal oftalmik ilaç veya kontak lens kullanımı da diğer dışlama kriterleriydi. Yaş, cinsiyet, hastalık yaşı, Hoehn-Yahr (H&Y) skoru kaydedildi ve her iki grupta da sağ gözde göz kırpma sıklığı (GS), Schirmer testi, GKZ ve gözyaşı ozmolarite ölçümleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Otuz yedi Parkinson hastası ve 37 kontrol çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gruplar yaş ve cinsiyet uyumluydu. Ortalama hastalık yaşı ve H&Y skoru sırasıyla 5,70±2,64 yıl and 1,70±0,93 idi. H&Y evresi and hastalık yaşı, GS, Schirmer testi, GKZ ve gözyaşı ozmolaritesi ile korele değildi. Ortalama GS Parkinson hastalarında 8,54±4,99 ve kontrol grubunda 11,97±6,36 idi. Schirmer testi, GKZ ve ozmolarite skorları Parkinson hastalarında sırasıyla 9,08±4,46 mm, 11,38±4,05 saniye and 306,43±12,63 mOsm/L ve kontrol grubunda 17,16±9,57 mm, 12,81±3,66 saniye and 303,81±16,13 mOsm/L idi. Anlamlı farklılık sadece GS ve Schirmer skorlarında mevcuttu.Sonuç: GS ve Schirmer skorları Parkinson hastalarında anlamlı olarak azalmıştı. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da, Parkinson hastalarında yüksek bulunan gözyaşı ozmolaritesi göz yüzeyinde kuru göz ve enflamasyon sürecini göstermesi açısından önemli olabilir

🔖

Cite This Article

ÇAKMAK, H., SARI, E. S., KOCATÜRK, T., ERMİŞ, S. S., KOÇ, R., ŞAHİN, G., YAZICI, A. (2022). Tear Osmolarity, Break-up Time and Schirmer’s Scores in Parkinson’s Disease. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 45 - Sayı: 4, 142–145. https://ajindex.com/articles/637995

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (17)

  1. Tamer C, Melek IM, Duman T, Oksuz H. Tear film tests in Parkinson’s disease patients. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1795
  2. Duncan GW, Khoo TK, Yarnall AJ, O’Brien JT, Coleman SY, Brooks DJ, Barker RA, Burn DJ. Health-related quality of life in early Parkinson’s disease: The impact of nonmotor symptoms. Movement disorders. 2014;29:195-202
  3. Chaudhuri KR, Healy DG, Schapira AH. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet neurology. 2006;5:235-245
  4. Reddy VC, Patel SV, Hodge DO, Leavitt JA. Corneal sensitivity, blink rate, and corneal nerve density in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson disease. Cornea. 2013;32:631-635
  5. Guillon M, Maissa C. Tear film evaporation-effect of age and gender. Contact lens & anterior eye: the journal of the British Contact Lens Association. 2010;33:171-175
  6. Kwon OY, Kim SH, Kim JH, Kim MH, Ko MK. Schrimer test in Parkinson’s disease. J Korean Med Sci. 1994;9:239-242
  7. Bagheri H, Berlan M, Senard JM, Rascol O, Montastruc JL. Lacrimation in Parkinson’s disease. Clinical neuropharmacology. 1994;17:89-91
  8. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). The ocular surface. 2007;5:75-92
  9. Farris RL. Tear osmolarity--a new gold standard? Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 1994;350:495-503
  10. Tomlinson A, Khanal S, Ramaesh K, Diaper C, McFadyen A. Tear film osmolarity: determination of a referent for dry eye diagnosis. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2006;47:4309-4315
  11. Gelb DJ, Oliver E, Gilman S. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Archives of neurology. 1999;56:33-39
  12. Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology. 1967;17:427-442
  13. Biousse V, Skibell BC, Watts RL, Loupe DN, Drews-Botsch C, Newman NJ. Ophthalmologic features of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2004;62:177-180
  14. Miljanovic B, Dana R, Sullivan DA, Schaumberg DA. Impact of dry eye syndrome on vision-related quality of life. American journal of ophthalmology. 2007;143:409-415
  15. Goetz CG, Lutge W, Tanner CM. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1986;36:73-75
  16. Korosec M, Zidar I, Reits D, Evinger C, Vanderwerf F. Eyelid movements during blinking in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2006;21:1248-1251
  17. Agostino R, Berardelli A, Cruccu G,