Journals / Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi / 2019 / Cilt: 49 - Sayı: 3

Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops

Kronik Kullanımı Olan Göz Damlalarının Fosfat ve Ozmolarite Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Pages
123–129
Publication Date
2022-11-06
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: Approximately 40% of glaucoma medications and approximately 60% of corticosteroid and antihistaminic medications had a phosphate concentration higher than the physiologic tear phosphate level (1.45 mmol/L).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objectives: To assess phosphate and osmolarity levels of chronically administered eye drops commercially available in Turkey.
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: A total of 53 topical eye drops including 18 antiglaucoma drugs, 4 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 10 corticosteroids, 7 antihistaminics, and 14 artificial tears identified using the Vademecum Modern Medications Guideline (2018) were included in the study.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: Approximately 40% of glaucoma medications and approximately 60% of corticosteroid and antihistaminic medications had a phosphate concentration higher than the physiologic tear phosphate level (1.45 mmol/L).
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2018 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objectives: To assess phosphate and osmolarity levels of chronically administered eye drops commercially available in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 53 topical eye drops including 18 antiglaucoma drugs, 4 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 10 corticosteroids, 7 antihistaminics, and 14 artificial tears identified using the Vademecum Modern Medications Guideline (2018) were included in the study. Phosphate levels were assessed using Roche Cobas C501 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and the respective kits. Osmolarity was assessed using Vescor Vapro 5600 vapor pressure osmometer (Sanova Medical Systems, Vienna, Austria). Mean phosphate and osmolarity levels were obtained after averaging three measurements. Eye drops were categorized as isoosmolar, hypoosmolar and hyperosmolar based on physiologic tear osmolarity range (296.5±9.8 mOsm/L). Results: The highest phosphate concentration was found in the antiglaucoma group (20.3±35.4 mmol/L), followed by antihistaminics (17.3±17.9 mmol/L), corticosteroids (15.2±19.1 mmol/L), artificial tears (0.8±1.0), and NSAIDs (0.04±0.08). Percentage of medications in the hyperosmolar category was highest in the NSAI group (75%), followed by antihistaminics (43%), corticosteroids (20%), and antiglaucoma drugs (19%). Nearly all of the artificial tear formulations were in the hypoosmolar (71%) or isoosmolar (21%) categories. Conclusion: Approximately 40% of glaucoma medications and approximately 60% of corticosteroid and antihistaminic medications had a phosphate concentration higher than the physiologic tear phosphate level (1.45 mmol/L).

Özet

Amaç: Türkiye pazarında bulunan ve kronik kullanımı olan göz damlalarının fosfat ve ozmolarite düzeylerini incelemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Vademecum Modern İlaç Rehberi’nden (2018) taranan 18’i antiglokomatöz, 4’ü non-steroid anti-enflamatuvarilaç (NSAİİ), 10’u kortikosteroid, 7’si antihistaminik ve 14’ü suni gözyaşı olmak üzere toplam 53 topikal ilaç araştırmaya dahil edildi.Fosfat düzeyleri Roche Cobas C501 analizör (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Almanya) ve kitleri kullanılarak belirlendi. Topikaldamlaların ozmolariteleri ise Vescor Vapro 5600 buhar basınç ozmometresi (Sanova Medical Systems, Viyana, Avusturya) ile ölçüldü.Fosfat ve ozmolarite değerleri her bir preparat için üç kez yapılan ölçümlerin ortalaması alınarak belirlendi. Gözyaşının fizyolojikozmolarite aralığı (296,5±9,8 mOsm/L) göz önüne alınarak damlalar izoozmolar, hipoozmolar ve hiperozmolar olarak sınıflandırıldı.Bulgular: Ortalama fosfat düzeyinin en yüksek ölçüldüğü grubun antiglokomatöz grup (20,3±35,4 mmol/L) olduğu, onu sırasıylaantihistaminikler (17,3±17,9 mmol/L), kortikosteroidler (15,2±19,1 mmol/L), suni gözyaşları (0,8±1,0) ve NSAİİ’nin (0,04±0,08) takipettiği izlendi. NSAİİ grubundaki preparatların çoğunlukla (%75) hiperozmolar karakterde olduğu ve onu sırasıyla antihistaminikler(%43), kortikosteroidler (%20) ve antiglokomatözlerin (%19) takip ettiği izlendi. Suni gözyaşı grubundaki preparatların ise büyükoranda hipoozmolar (%71) ya da izoozmolar (%21) karakterde olduğu tespit edildi.Sonuç: Glokom ilaçlarının yaklaşık %40’ının, kortikosteroid ve antihistaminik ilaçların ise yaklaşık %60’ının fizyolojik gözyaşı fosfatdüzeyinin (1,45 mmol/L) üzerinde fosfat içerdiği tespit edildi.

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Cite This Article

ATALAY, E., ÖZALP, O., YILDIRIM, N., ALATAŞ, İ. Ö., KİRAZ, Z. K. (2022). Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 49 - Sayı: 3, 123–129. https://ajindex.com/articles/637734

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