Journals / Türk Nöroşirürji Dergsi / 2021 / Cilt: 31 - Sayı: 1

Pediatric Ependymomas

Pediatrik Ependimomalar

Pages
156–167
Publication Date
2022-11-06
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

While the overall and progressionfree survival of patients with near-complete excision with surgical intervention is quite good, these rates are considerably lower for patients in whom a near-complete resection cannot be achieved.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Ependymomas are rare tumours of the central nervous system.
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Key Findings & Data:In magnetic resonance imaging, ependymomas are generally observed as iso-hypointense lesions in T1-weighted sequences, and iso-hyperintense lesions in T2-weighted and FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) sequences, and most of them show heterogeneous staining when gadolinium is administered.
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Conclusion & Impact:While the overall and progressionfree survival of patients with near-complete excision with surgical intervention is quite good, these rates are considerably lower for patients in whom a near-complete resection cannot be achieved.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Ependymomas are rare tumours of the central nervous system. In childhood, they are mostly seen intracranially and in the posterior fossa. In magnetic resonance imaging, ependymomas are generally observed as iso-hypointense lesions in T1-weighted sequences, and iso-hyperintense lesions in T2-weighted and FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) sequences, and most of them show heterogeneous staining when gadolinium is administered. Ependymomas are classified as subependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas (grade I), “classical” ependymomas (grade II), and anaplastic ependymomas (grade III) by the World Health Organization (WHO) according to their histological and biological features. Ependymomas usually occur sporadically, but they may accompany diseases such as neurofibromatosis type II, Turcot B and MEN1 syndromes. Surgery followed by radiation therapy is the treatment for most pediatric ependymomas. Chemotherapy can be used in infants to avoid the adverse effects of radiotherapy, in supratentorial lesions, and in high-risk patients. While the overall and progressionfree survival of patients with near-complete excision with surgical intervention is quite good, these rates are considerably lower for patients in whom a near-complete resection cannot be achieved. An attempt is made to treat recurrent cases with repeated surgeries, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; however, approximately 90% of these WHO grade II and III patients are lost.

Özet

Ependimomalar merkezi sinir sisteminin nadir görülen tümörleridir. Çocukluk çağında ağırlıkla intrakranial olarak ve arka çukurdagörülürler. Manyetik rezonans görüntülemede ependimomalar genellikle T1 ağırlıklı sekanslarda izo-hipointens, T2 ağırlıklı ve FLAIR(fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) sekanslarda ise izo-hiperintens lezyonlar olarak izlenirler ve gadolinyum verildiğinde çoğuheterojen bir boyanma gösterir.Ependimomalar histolojik ve biyolojik özelliklerine göre Dünya Sağlık Örgütünce (DSÖ) subependimomalar ve miksopapillerependimomalar (derece I), “klasik” ependimomalar (derece II) ve anaplastik ependimomalar (derece III) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır.Ependimomalar genellikle sporadik olarak ortaya çıkar, ancak nörofibromatozis tip II, Turcot B ve MEN1 sendromları gibi hastalıklarada eşlik edebilir.Pediatrik ependimomaların çoğu için tedaviyi cerrahi girişim ve takiben radyasyon tedavisi oluşturur. Bir yaş altı bebeklerde,radyoterapinin yan etkilerinden kaçınmak amacıyla, supratentorial yerleşimli lezyonlarda ve yüksek riskli hastalarda, kemoterapitek başına kullanılabilmektedir. Cerrahi girişim ile tama yakın ekzisyon sağlanan hastaların genel ve progresyonsuz sağkalımıoldukça iyi iken, tama yakın eksizyon yapılamayan hastalarda bu oranlar oldukça düşmektedir. Nükseden olgular tekrarlayanameliyatlar, radyoterapi ve kemoterapi ile tedavi edilmeye çalışılsalar da, özellikle DSÖ derece II ve III hastaların yaklaşık %90 kadarıkaybedilmektedir.

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Cite This Article

AKINCI, A. T., ŞIMŞEK, O. (2022). Pediatric Ependymomas. Türk Nöroşirürji Dergsi, Cilt: 31 - Sayı: 1, 156–167. https://ajindex.com/articles/637187

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