Journals / Journal of Chemical Metrology / 2019 / Cilt: 13 - Sayı: 2

Development and validation of a practical analytical method for Zolpidem as a drug facilitated crime tool

Pages
68–74
Publication Date
2022-10-19
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The reportedmethod was found cheap, sensitive, rapid, and suitable for the analysis of the spiked beverages and foods as well asurine as evidences of sexual assault, robbery or intentional/ non-intentional intoxication phenomena.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Abstract: Zolpidem, as a member of Z-drugs, is a non-benzodiazepine, imidazopyridine derivative chemicalsubstance used in the treatment of insomnia.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) method by a one step extraction method with ethyl acetate from urine using HP-5MS capillary column wasdeveloped for the determination of zolpidem.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The reportedmethod was found cheap, sensitive, rapid, and suitable for the analysis of the spiked beverages and foods as well asurine as evidences of sexual assault, robbery or intentional/ non-intentional intoxication phenomena.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Abstract: Zolpidem, as a member of Z-drugs, is a non-benzodiazepine, imidazopyridine derivative chemicalsubstance used in the treatment of insomnia. This substance is frequently reported as a tool of drug facilitated crimessuch as date rape, robbery, extortion etc besides drugged driving. A Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) method by a one step extraction method with ethyl acetate from urine using HP-5MS capillary column wasdeveloped for the determination of zolpidem. Clozapine was used as internal standard. Linearity range was between10-200 μg mL -1. Limit of detection was 0.28 μg mL -1 , limit of quantification was 0.35 μg mL -1, the mean rangeof recoveries was between 93.40-94.41% for three spiked concentrations (15, 20 and 50 μg mL -1). The differenceof concentrations for same samples analyzed at 7-day intervals was found 0.02 CV% for stability study. The reportedmethod was found cheap, sensitive, rapid, and suitable for the analysis of the spiked beverages and foods as well asurine as evidences of sexual assault, robbery or intentional/ non-intentional intoxication phenomena.

🔖

Cite This Article

KENAN, N., MERCAN, S., AÇIKKOL, M. (2022). Development and validation of a practical analytical method for Zolpidem as a drug facilitated crime tool. Journal of Chemical Metrology, Cilt: 13 - Sayı: 2, 68–74. https://ajindex.com/articles/560765

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (14)

  1. M. Acikkol, S. Mercan and S. Karadayi (2009). Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and ketamine from alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages by GC-MS in drug facilitated crimes, Chromatographia 70, 1295-1298
  2. K. Soltaninejad, M. Karimi, A. Nateghi and B. Daraei (2016). Simultaneous determination of six benzodiazepines in spiked soft drinks by high performance liquid chromatography with ultra violet detection (HPLC-UV), Iran J. Pharm. Res. 15(2), 457-463
  3. J. H. Krystal, I.L. Petrakis, E. Webb, N.L. Cooney, L.P. Karper, S.N.P. Stetson, L.A. Trevisan and D.S. Charney (1998). Dose-related ethanol-like effects of the NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in recently detoxified alcoholics, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 55(4), 354-360
  4. P. Watson and V. Cox (1976). An analysis of barbiturate-induced eating and drinking in the rat, Physiol. Psychol. 4(3), 325-332
  5. T. Leufkens and A. Vermeere (2014). Zopiclone’s residual effects on actual driving performance in a standardized test: A pooled analysis of age and sex effects in 4 placebo-controlled studies, Clin. Ther. 36(1), 141-150
  6. N. Kantarcı, B. Ozturk, Z. Halıcı and E. Kandemir (2012). Drug facilitated sexual assault and that the problems in Turkey, J. Clin. Anal. Med. 3(4), 482-487
  7. M. Cheze, M. Villain and G. Pepin (2004). Determination of bromazepam, clonazepam and metabolites after a single intake in urine and hair by LC-MS/MS. Application to forensic cases of drug facilitated crimes, For. Sci. Int. 145, 123-130
  8. S. Lin (2014). Rapid detoxification of benzodiazepine or Z-drugs dependence using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Medical Hypotheses. 83(1), 108-110
  9. I. Afandiyev and V. Azizov (2017). Poisoning by psychopharmacological drugs in Azerbaijan: the results of 8-year prospective observation, Georgian Med. News 272,138-144
  10. A. Jönsson, C. Söderberg and K. Espnes (2014). Sedative and hypnotic drugs—Fatal and non-fatal reference blood concentrations, For. Sci. Int. 236, 138-145
  11. N. Gunja (2013). In the Zzz zone: the effects of Z-drugs on human performance and driving, J. Med. Toxicol. 9(2), 163-171
  12. J. Doane and A. Dalpiaz (2008). Zolpidem-induced sleep-driving, Am. J. Med. 121(11), e5
  13. G. Heide, K. Hjemeland, G. Brochmann and R.G. Karinen (2017). The appearance, taste, and concentrations of zolpidem dissolved in still water and carbonated beverages, J. For. Sci. 63(3) 911–914
  14. G. Nigam, M. Camacho and M. Riaz (2019). The effect of nonbenzodiazepines sedative