AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightIdiopathic cases generally have favorable visual outcomes, but severe vision loss occurs in other cases, such as PAMM secondary to retinal arterial pathologies.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) implies the retinal lesions with hyperreflective inner nuclear layer (INL) changes in the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). PAMM occurs as a result of a flow deficit in the deep capillary plexus of the retina, with a prognosis depending on the associated retinal disease. This case series aimed to report the clinical findings of those diagnosed with PAMM and define the risk factors and associated pathologies. Medical records of patients diagnosed with PAMM between 2016 and 2019 in our hospital were reviewed. Detailed ophthalmologic examination and multimodal imaging were performed in all patients during the initial and follow-up visits. A total of 10 eyes from 9 patients were evaluated. The hyperreflective band-like lesion in the INL was observed in the SD-OCT imaging in all patients. The best-corrected visual acuities ranged between 20/20 and 20/1250. The idiopathic disorder was evaluated in 3 cases, 2 cases were secondary to central retinal artery occlusion, 1 case was secondary to retinal artery branch occlusion, 1 case was secondary to cilioretinal artery occlusion, 1 case was secondary to Susac syndrome, and 1 case was PAMM after pars plana vitrectomy. PAMM may be idiopathically seen without systemic diseases. Systemic research should be conducted for particularly systemic vascular risk factors when PAMM is detected. The prognosis of PAMM depends on the associated retinal pathology. Idiopathic cases generally have favorable visual outcomes, but severe vision loss occurs in other cases, such as PAMM secondary to retinal arterial pathologies.