Journals / Çevre Bilimleri / 2002 / Cilt: 0 - Sayı: 5

Chlorinated organic compounds and their removal-Ankara case study

Klorlu organik bileşikler ve giderimleri-Ankara örnek çalışması

Pages
29–38
Publication Date
2022-10-11
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

However, they were only within 8-17% of the isotherm capacities at 50% breakthrough, and even reduced to 3% for the shortest EBCT.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Natural organic matter (NOM) exisiting in source waters is a mixture of poorly biodegredable decomposition products and by-products of natural organic matter produced by both plants and animals.
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Key Findings & Data:Studies in early 1970's demonstrated that the chlorine used for disinfection purposes reacts with organic compounds present in source waters and leads to the formation of a variety of chlorinated organic compounds, the so-called disinfection by-products (DPBs); including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic-acids, halo-acetonitriles, halo-ketones and halo- aldehydes.
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Conclusion & Impact:However, they were only within 8-17% of the isotherm capacities at 50% breakthrough, and even reduced to 3% for the shortest EBCT.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Natural organic matter (NOM) exisiting in source waters is a mixture of poorly biodegredable decomposition products and by-products of natural organic matter produced by both plants and animals. These organics are of humic and fulvic origin, and extremely complex and diverse group of substances whose structure is not well defined. On the other hand, chlorination is the most commonly used and best-characterized process for disinfection of drinking water. Studies in early 1970's demonstrated that the chlorine used for disinfection purposes reacts with organic compounds present in source waters and leads to the formation of a variety of chlorinated organic compounds, the so-called disinfection by-products (DPBs); including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic-acids, halo-acetonitriles, halo-ketones and halo- aldehydes. These substances are known to have potential carcinogenic and physiological health effects. Several alternatives are proposed to limit and/or to prevent the formation of the DBFs; including coagulation, chemical oxidation, air stripping, membrane separation, ion exchange, and activated carbon. In the present study, effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption for the removal of NOM and THMs from Ankara drinking water was investigated. Freundlich Isotherm constants K and n were determined as 17.61 (mg/g)(L/mg)1/n and 1.66, respectively to evaluate the carbon capacity. Bench-scale GAC columns were run with empty bed contact times (EBCT) varying from 0.40 to 2.67 min to evaluate adsorption performance and 50% exhaustion values were used for comparison. The treated volumes of water increased with EBCTs, showing a linear increase in GAC service life. Correspondingly, the carbon usage rate (CUR) decreased. The capacities calculated by isotherm equation and achieved by columns were also compared. The column capacities were within 43-65% of the isotherm capacities at complete breakthrough. However, they were only within 8-17% of the isotherm capacities at 50% breakthrough, and even reduced to 3% for the shortest EBCT.

Özet

Yüzey sularında bulunan doğal organik maddeler (DOM); biyolojik olarak parçalanamayan bozunma ürünleri ve suda yaşayan bitki ve hayvanların açığa çıkardıkları yan-ürünler niteliğindedir. Hümik ve fulvik orijinli bu organik bileşikler, son derece karmaşık yapılı olup, molekül yapıları tam olarak bilinmemektedir. İçme suyu arıtımında, klorlama en yaygın ve en iyi bilinen dezenfeksiyon yöntemidir. 1970'li yıllardan beri yürütülen çalışmalar, klorun suda bulunan doğal organiklerle reaksiyona girerek dezenfeksiyon yan ürünü (DYÜ) olarak bilinen çok çeşitli klorlu-organik bileşiğin oluşumuna yol açtığını göstermektedir. DYÜ'ler, trihalometanlar (THM), haloesetik asitler, halo asetonitriller, haloketonlar ve haloaldehitleri içermektedir. Bu bileşiklerin, kanserojen nitelikli olduğu ve fizyolojik sorunlara yol açabileceği bilinmektedir. DYÜ'lerin oluşumunu sınırlamak ya da en aza indirgemek için; koagülasyon, kimyasal oksidasyon, sıyırma, membran prosesleri, iyon değiştirme ve aktif karbon adsorpsiyonu gibi yöntemler önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ankara içme suyunda aktif karbon adsorpsiyonu ile THM ve DOM giderimi araştırılmıştır. Karbon kapasitesini araştırmak amacıyla, Freundlich izoterm sabitleri K ve n sırasıyla 17,61(mg/g)(L/mg)"n ve 1,66 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Laboratuvar ölçekli, boş yatak temas süresi (BYTS) 0,40-2,67 dak. aralığında kolonlar çalıştırılmış ve performans değerlendirmesi % 50 kırılma zamanı için yapılmıştır. BYTS'nin artışı ile, arıtılan su hacminin doğrusal olarak arttığı görülmüştür. Bu sırada, karbon kullanılma oranı (KKO) azalmıştır. İzotermden hesaplanan ve kolonda gerçekleşen DOM adsorpsiyon miktarları karşılaştırılmış, kolon kapasitesinin, izoterm eşitliğinden hesaplanan kapasitenin % 43-65'i kadar olduğu bulunmuştur. Yüzde 50 kırılma noktası için ise, gerçekleşen kapasitenin, izoterm eşitliğinden hesaplanan kapasitenin % 8-17'si dolayında olduğu; bu değerin çalışılan en düşük BYTS için yalnızca % 3 olduğu belirlenmiştir.

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Cite This Article

ÇAPAR, G., YETİŞ, Ü. (2022). Chlorinated organic compounds and their removal-Ankara case study. Çevre Bilimleri, Cilt: 0 - Sayı: 5, 29–38. https://ajindex.com/articles/483341

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