Journals / Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi / 2005 / Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 2

Contrast media-induced nephropathy: clinical burden and current attempts for prevention

Kontrast madde nefropatisi: Klinik önemi ve önlenmesine yönelik güncel yaklaşımlar

Pages
124–129
Publication Date
2022-10-10
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Despite the attempts to reduce the risk of contrast nephropathy, this clinical event affects over 25% of high risk patients and mortality remains to be high.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Contrast media-induced nephropathy is the third most common cause of hospital acquired acute renal failure.
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Key Findings & Data:In addition, prophylactic use of free radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine has been shown to prevent contrast media-induced nephropathy in some moderate-scale clinical trials and a meta analysis.
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Conclusion & Impact:Despite the attempts to reduce the risk of contrast nephropathy, this clinical event affects over 25% of high risk patients and mortality remains to be high.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Contrast media-induced nephropathy is the third most common cause of hospital acquired acute renal failure. With the increasing use of contrast media in diagnostic and interventional procedures it has become one of the major challenges encountered during routine cardiology practice. Despite clinical importance it is an under-recognized event with major morbidity and mortality. Risk of developing contrast media-induced nephropathy depends mainly on patients preexisting characteristics and physicochemical properties of the contrast agent. Primary attempts for the prevention of contrast media-induced nephropathy should include systematic review of patients characteristics and risk stratification. Patients at the greatest risk for contrast media-induced nephropathy can be defined as those having preexisting impaired renal function, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure. Other risk factors include; age above seventy years, female gender, dehydration and use of high volume contrast media. The more expeditious use of iso-osmolar non-ionic contrast media reduced the incidence of contrast media related renal dysfunction. Currently, the only widely proven method of reducing the risk of contrast induced nephropathy is adequate pre and postprocedural hydration. In addition, prophylactic use of free radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine has been shown to prevent contrast media-induced nephropathy in some moderate-scale clinical trials and a meta analysis. Despite the attempts to reduce the risk of contrast nephropathy, this clinical event affects over 25% of high risk patients and mortality remains to be high.

Özet

Kontrast madde nefropatisi hastanede edinilmiş akut böbrek yetersizliklerinin en sık görülen üçüncü nedenidir. Diyagnostik ve girişimsel kalp kateterizasyonu işlemlerinde kontrast madde kullanımının artmış olması, kontrast madde nefropatisini, klinik kardiyoloji pratiğinde sıkça rastlanan sorun haline getirmiştir. Yüksek mortalite ve morbiditeyle ilişkili olabilen bu önemli klinik sorun, halen hekimler tarafından yeterince tespit edilememektedir. Kontrast madde sebepli nefropati gelişimi, hastanın var olan karakteristik özellikleriyle birlikte, kullanılan ajanın fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine bağlıdır. Kontrast madde sebepli nefropatinin engellenmesinde öncelikli yaklaşım, hastanın mevcut özelliklerinin sistematik bir şekilde gözden geçirilmesi ve risk derecelendirmesinin yapılmasıdır. Konrast madde nefropatisi açısından yüksek risk altındaki hastalar, böbrek fonksiyonları bozuk olan veya diyabeti ya da konjestif kalp yetersizliği olan hastalardır. Diğer risk faktörleri; ileri yaş (>70), kadın cinsiyet, hastanın dehidrate olması ve fazla miktarda kontrast madde kullanımıdır. İso-osmolar ve non-iyonik kontrast maddelerin daha sık rutin kullanıma girmesi kontrast madde nefropatisinin sıklığını azaltmaktadır. İşlem öncesi ve sonrası yeterli hidrasyonun sağlanması halen kontrast madde nefropatisini azaltabilecek yegane yöntemdir. Bununla birlikte serbest oksijen radikali temizleyicisi olan N-asetilsisteinin kontrast nefropati sıklığını azalttığı bazı orta büyüklükte klinik çalışmalarda ve bir meta analizde gösterilmiştir. Kontrast nefropati gelişim riskini düşürmeye yönelik çabalara karşın, bu önemli klinik sorun yüksek riskli hastaların %25’inden fazlasını etkilemekte ve mortalite yüksek olmaya devam etmektedir.

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Cite This Article

PEHLİVANOĞLU, S., HABEB, M., ÖNGEN, Z., ALİYEV, F., AĞAÇ, M. T. (2022). Contrast media-induced nephropathy: clinical burden and current attempts for prevention. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 2, 124–129. https://ajindex.com/articles/437376

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