Journals / Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi / 2012 / Cilt: 12 - Sayı: 2

Coronary artery disease from a perspective of genomic risk score, ethical approaches and suggestions

Genomik risk skorlaması perspektifinden koroner arter hastalığı, etik yaklaşım ve öneriler

Pages
171–177
Publication Date
2022-10-10
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, we summarized the attempts to resolve ethical issues related to genetic testing in complex diseases to resolve patient autonomy with indi- vidual responsibility and to aim the patient beneficence and confidentiality.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:As a leading cause of mortality, coronary artery disease is on the focus of genetic research as a complex trait.
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Key Findings & Data:Although predictive genetic testing for cardiovascular diseases is on the counter, it is still hard to aggregate information from multiple genetic variants, environmental factors and family his- tory into a single score.
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Conclusion & Impact:In this review, we summarized the attempts to resolve ethical issues related to genetic testing in complex diseases to resolve patient autonomy with indi- vidual responsibility and to aim the patient beneficence and confidentiality.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

As a leading cause of mortality, coronary artery disease is on the focus of genetic research as a complex trait. Although predictive genetic testing for cardiovascular diseases is on the counter, it is still hard to aggregate information from multiple genetic variants, environmental factors and family his- tory into a single score. Every susceptibility allele provides small contribution to disease formation. Biomarkers play a role in various metabolic path- ways. Genetic information and data depend heavily on probabilities. This should be clearly explained by genetic counselor to the patient and relatives who are looking for certain answers. Presence of susceptibility alleles can be a source of anxiety and it may result as a reduced self-confidence in ability to change health behavior. Complex diseases set a new stage to study novel techniques that can elucidate interactions among genetic, environ- mental and ethnic factors. The cookbook approach to treat a complex disease can often be misleading. Future studies may provide personalized information, which can improve the outcome of standardized treatments. As knowing one’s own genetic risk is becoming a task for the responsible individual, it surely will add new challenges to ethical framework. Publicly marketing genetic tests for complex diseases raises ethical concerns. To avoid discriminatory use of genetic information; genetic risk scoring, therapeutic process, ethical policies must have a multifaceted progress. In this review, we summarized the attempts to resolve ethical issues related to genetic testing in complex diseases to resolve patient autonomy with indi- vidual responsibility and to aim the patient beneficence and confidentiality.

Özet

Mortalitenin en büyük sebeplerinden biri olan koroner arter hastalığı kompleks bir hastalık olarak genetik araştırmaların ilgi odağını oluşturmak- tadır. Bireye özgü öngörüsel tıpta kardiyovasküler risk skorlamaları kolay ulaşılabilir olsa da ailesel, çevresel ve genetik risklerin tümünü tek bir skora indirgemek günümüz tıbbında henüz mümkün görünmemektedir. Genetik varyantlar hastalığa yatkınlığı arttırırken biyobelirteçler birçok metabolik yolakta rol oynamaktadır. Bu sebeple genetik bilginin birçok olasılığa bağlı olması test sonuçlarına kesin cevaplar arayan hasta ve ailelerine genetik danışman tarafından açıklanmalıdır. Genomik risk skorlamasında testi yaptıran kişide genetik yatkınlık alellerinin varlığı, ileride çıkması sadece olasılık dahilinde olan hastalıklar yüzünden bireyin endişeye, kötü alışkanlıklarını değiştirecek cesareti kaybederek kaderciliğe sürüklenmesine neden olabilir. Kompleks hastalıkların özellikleri genetik, çevresel ve etnik faktörlerin etkileşimlerini araştıran yeni tekniklerin gelişimine olanak vermektedir. Kardiyovasküler hastalıkların tedavisinde çoğu zaman yanıltıcı olabilen ‘her hastaya aynı doz ilaç’ anlayışı yerine tedavinin de kişiye özel olması gereği tedavinin etkinliğini arttıracaktır. Her sorumlu bireyin kendi genetik sicilini bilme hakkı etik kaygıları bera- berinde getirmektedir. Genetik testlerin kolay ulaşılabilirliği nedeniyle genetik bilginin toplumda ayrımcılığa yol açacak şekilde kullanılmasının önlenmesi için genomik risk skorlamaları, terapötik uygulamalar ve etik yaklaşım eş zamanlı olarak ilerlemelidir. Bu derlemede kompleks hasta- lıklarda genetik testler ve genomik risk skorlamalarında etik yaklaşımların önemi ve gerekliliği belirtilmiş, bireysel sorumluluklar, hastaların yararı ve gizlilik hakkı göz önünde tutularak, çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

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Cite This Article

AĞIRBAŞLI, D., ÜLMAN, Y. I. (2022). Coronary artery disease from a perspective of genomic risk score, ethical approaches and suggestions. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 12 - Sayı: 2, 171–177. https://ajindex.com/articles/436358

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