Journals / Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 7 - Sayı: 3

Gut Microbiota-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), in Cardiovascular Diseases: A New Molecule for Prevention and Treatment?

Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklarda Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Metaboliti Trimetilamin N-oksit (TMAO) : Önlenme ve Tedavi İçin Yeni Bir Molekül mü?

Pages
436–447
Publication Date
2022-10-11
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Thus, this review was performed to compile the literature on the mechanisms involving the effect of TMAO, a metabolite of choline and L-carnitine found in red meat and other animal products, on cardiovascular diseases.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:There has been an increasing interest in the relationship between the gut and the cardiovascular system, since the contribution of intestinal microbiota-derived molecules in the prevention and control of the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of mortality worldwide, was determined.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Current studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbiome and its metabolites play a significant role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and myocardial fibrosis.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Thus, this review was performed to compile the literature on the mechanisms involving the effect of TMAO, a metabolite of choline and L-carnitine found in red meat and other animal products, on cardiovascular diseases.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

There has been an increasing interest in the relationship between the gut and the cardiovascular system, since the contribution of intestinal microbiota-derived molecules in the prevention and control of the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of mortality worldwide, was determined. Current studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbiome and its metabolites play a significant role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and myocardial fibrosis. The content of the diet is an important factor that changes the gut microbiota. Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by the intestinal microorganisms which metabolize choline and L-carnitine found in animal sources. The majority of the TMA produced passively passes into the portal circulation and is oxidized to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) by the hepatic flavin-dependent monoxygenases (FMOs). Phosphatidylcholine, L-carnitine and betaine which are abundant in red meat, dairy products, eggs, fish and poultry are the sources of TMA. Foods containing trimethylamine or its precursors increase TMAO levels in blood and urine. In many studies conducted recently, high levels of TMAO have been associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and TMAO, determining whether TMAO is a biomarker and determining the presence of dietary components affecting TMAO are of importance in focusing on new treatment approaches. Thus, this review was performed to compile the literature on the mechanisms involving the effect of TMAO, a metabolite of choline and L-carnitine found in red meat and other animal products, on cardiovascular diseases.

Özet

Dünya çapında ölümlerin en önde gelen nedeni olan kardiyovasküler hastalıkların önlenmesi veprognozunun kontrolünde bağırsak mikrobiyota türevli moleküllerin katkısının bulunması ilebağırsak ve kardiyovasküler sistem arasındaki bağlantıya olan ilgi önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Güncelçalışmalar bağırsak mikrobiyomu ve metabolitlerinin ateroskleroz, hipertansiyon, kalp yetmezliği, atrial fibrilasyon ve miyokard fibrozu gibi kardiyovasküler hastalıkların başlangıcında veilerlemesinde önemli rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Diyetin içeriği bağırsak mikrobiyotasınıdeğiştiren önemli bir faktördür. Hayvansal kaynaklarda bulunan kolin ve L-karnitinin bağırsakmikroorganizmaları tarafından metabolize edilmesiyle trimetilamin (TMA) oluşmaktadır.Üretilen TMA’nın çoğunluğu pasif olarak portal dolaşıma geçmekte ve hepatik flavine bağımlımonooksigenazlar (FMO’lar) tarafından trimetilamin-N-oksit (TMAO)’e okside edilmektedir.Kırmızı et, süt ürünleri, yumurta, balık ve kümes hayvanlarında bol miktarda bulunan fosfotidilkolin, L-karnitin ve betain TMA kaynağı olan bileşiklerdir. Trimetilamin veya öncülleriniiçeren besinler kan ve idrar TMAO düzeylerini artırmaktadır. Son zamanlarda birçok çalışmadaTMAO düzeylerinin yüksek olması kardiyovasküler hastalık riski ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve TMAO arasındaki bağlantının anlaşılması; TMAO’nun bir biyomarkerolup olmadığının belirlenmesi ve TMAO’yu etkileyen diyet bileşenlerinin varlığının tespitedilmesi yeni tedavi yaklaşımlarına odaklanılması açısından önemlidir. Böylece, bu derlemekırmızı et ve diğer hayvansal ürünlerde bulunan kolin ve L-karnitinin bir metaboliti olanTMAO’nun kardiyovasküler hastalıklar üzerine etkisini içeren mekanizmalar ile ilgili literatüründerlenmesi amacıyla yazılmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÜNAL, R. N., GÖNEN, B. (2022). Gut Microbiota-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), in Cardiovascular Diseases: A New Molecule for Prevention and Treatment?. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 7 - Sayı: 3, 436–447. https://ajindex.com/articles/434276

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (13)

  1. GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collabo rators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analy sis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016;388(10053):1459–544
  2. Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics— 2018 Update. Circulation 2018;137:e67–e492
  3. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). World Health Organization. (https://ww w.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardio vascular-diseases-(cvds)
  4. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ölüm Nedeni İstatis tikleri, 2018, 2019. (http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Pre HaberBultenleri.do?id=30626)
  5. World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva, WHO, 2014 6. Cardiology ES of. European Society of Cardiology annual report 2018. European Society of Cardiology, 2018. (https://www.escardio.org/static_file/Escar dio/About the ESC/Annual-Reports/ESC-Annu al-Report-2018.pdf
  6. Ulusal Hastalık Yükü ve Maliyet Etkililik Projesi Hastalık Yükü Final Rapor. Ankara, Başkent Üniver sitesi, 2004
  7. McGuire S. Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Washington, DC: US Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services, 2015. Advances in Nutrition 2016;7(1):202–4
  8. Ou Y, Zhang C, Yao M, Wang L. Gut Flora: Novel Therapeutic Target of Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019;2019
  9. Ahmadmehrabi S, Tang WHW. Gut microbiome and its role in cardiovascular diseases. Curr Opin Cardiol 2017;32(6):761–6
  10. Lippi G, Danese E, Mattiuzzi C, Favaloro E. The Intriguing Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2017;43(06):609–13
  11. Emoto T, Yamashita T, Sasaki N, Hirota Y, Hayashi T, So A, Kasahara K, Yodoi K, Matsumoto T, Mizo sguchi T, Ogawa W, Hirata K. Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: a Possible Link between Gut Microbiota and Coronary Artery Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016;23(8):908–21
  12. Li X, Geng J, Zhao J, Ni Q, Zhao C, Zheng Y, Chen X, Wang L. Trimethylamine N-Oxide Exacerbates Cardiac Fibrosis via Activating the NLRP3 Inflam masome. Frontiers in Physiology 2019;10:866
  13. Yang W, Zhang S, Zhu J, Jiang H, Jia D, Ou T, Qi Z, Zou Y, Qian J, Sun A, Ge J. Gut microbe-derived metabo