Journals / Praksis / 2017 / Sayı: 44

The Long Death of Import Substitute Industrialization

İthal İkameciliğin Uzun Ölümü

Journal
Praksis
Pages
1105–1132
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

My findings indicate that Mexico had the strongest reform initiative and Brazil had the weakest, whereas India and Turkey fell in between

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In this paper, I develop a comparative framework to understand the variegated manifestations of the Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) crisis and the reform attempts aiming to overcome this crisis in Mexico, Brazil, Turkey and India.
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Key Findings & Data:Specifically, I seek to understand why decision makers in these countries, despite the obvious signals of bottleneck and bankruptcy by early 1970’s, did not or could not successfully reform the existing development regime and insisted on the existing set of policies and ended up with dramatic debt crises or stagnation a decade later.
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Conclusion & Impact:My findings indicate that Mexico had the strongest reform initiative and Brazil had the weakest, whereas India and Turkey fell in between
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In this paper, I develop a comparative framework to understand the variegated manifestations of the Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) crisis and the reform attempts aiming to overcome this crisis in Mexico, Brazil, Turkey and India. Specifically, I seek to understand why decision makers in these countries, despite the obvious signals of bottleneck and bankruptcy by early 1970’s, did not or could not successfully reform the existing development regime and insisted on the existing set of policies and ended up with dramatic debt crises or stagnation a decade later. The existing literature on this question has been dominated by two rival camps, i.e. the neoclassical approach and the institutionalist approach. The former has regarded bureaucratic inertia and excessive state intervention that undermined the dynamism of market forces as the main reason behind the failure, whereas the latter has emphasized low state capacity due to the absence of institutional infrastructures and meritocratic bureaucracies to foster long-term development. Diverging from these approaches, I argue for the necessity of class analysis as the central tool to explain the variegations in developmental performance, state capacity, the intensity of the ISI crisis and the reform attempts in these countries. I further argue that ISI-based accumulation regimes generated certain class formation patterns that strengthened the hand of local capitalists vis-à-vis state managers’ developmental interventions, which in turn allowed them to resist possible reform attempts. Despite this common factor that invariably led to the failure of reform attempts, however, there were significant variations, mainly due to the diverging balance of class power, with respect to the strength of the reform initiative that emerged in these countries. My findings indicate that Mexico had the strongest reform initiative and Brazil had the weakest, whereas India and Turkey fell in between

Özet

Bu makale Meksika, Brezilya, Türkiye ve Hindistan'da ithal ikameci sanayileşme modelinde yaşanan krizin farklılaşan dışavurumlarını ve bu krizi aşmaya yönelik reform girişimlerini karşılaştırmalı bir çerçeve dahilinde ele alıyor. Spesifik olarak, söz konusu ülkelerdeki karar vericilerin 1970'lerin başında ithal ikameci modelin tıkanıklıklarını fark etmelerine karşın neden uzun süre boyunca birikim rejiminde bir reforma gitmediklerini ya da gidemediklerini ve sonuç olarak ülkelerinin kabaca bir on yıl sonra derin bir borç krizi ya da uzun süreli durgunluğa sürüklenmesini engelleyemediklerini açıklamaya çalışıyor. Bu soruyu ele alan yazında neoklasik yaklaşım ve kurumsalcı yaklaşım olmak üzere iki hakim yaklaşım öne çıkıyor. İlk yaklaşım başarısızlığın kaynağı olarak piyasa güçlerinin dinamizmini boğan bürokratik atalet ve aşırı devlet müdahalesini öne sürerken, ikinci yaklaşım uzun vadeli kalkınmayı destekleyecek kurumsal altyapı ve meritokratik bürokrasinin yokluğundan kaynaklanan düşük devlet kapasitesini temel problem olarak gösterdi. Bu makale, bu yaklaşımlardan belirli düzeylerde farklılaşarak bu ülkelerde ithal ikameciliğin krizi ve reform girişimleri bağlamında kalkınma performansı ve devlet kapasitesi farklılaşmasının sınıfsal bir analizle açıklanabileceğini öne sürüyor. Bu kapsamda, ithal ikameci birikim rejiminin devlet aktörlerinin kalkınmacı müdahalelerine karşı yerli kapitalistlerin elini güçlendiren ve böylelikle olası reform girişimlerine direnebilmelerine olanak sağlayan yapısal bir sınıf oluşum örüntüsü barındırdığını tespit ediyor. Reform girişimlerinin hiçbir ülkede başarılı olamaması bu yapısal örüntünün sonucu olmakla beraber, tekil örneklerde ortaya çıkan "reform inisiyatifi"nin kapsamı ve etkisi, sınıfsal güç dengelerine göre farklılaşıyor. Meksika en güçlü, Brezilya en zayıf reform inisiyatifine tanık olurken Hindistan ve Türkiye ara örnekleri oluşturuyor

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Cite This Article

YEŞİLBAĞ, M. (2017). The Long Death of Import Substitute Industrialization. Praksis, Sayı: 44, 1105–1132. https://ajindex.com/articles/302937

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