Journals / Praksis / 2020 / Sayı: 54

How Does New Institutional Economics Write Economic History? A Critical Perspective

Yeni Kurumsal İktisat, İktisat Tarihini Nasıl Yazıyor? Eleştirel Bir Bakış

Journal
Praksis
Pages
29–60
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In order to develop such a critical perspective we will follow and discuss Şevket Pamuk’s last book that follows political economy approach of New Institutional Economics when studying economic history of Ottoman Empire and Republican Turkey as well as its theoretical references.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Economic history, which was the most favorite discipline of social sciences during the 1960s and 1970s when Marxism was decisive in the determination of research questions, decayed in the 1990s.
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Key Findings & Data:In the new conjuncture that the world economy entered in the 2000s, it regained its privileged position within the social sciences in general, in the economics discipline in particular especially by means of studies based on particularly New Institutional Economics.
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Conclusion & Impact:In order to develop such a critical perspective we will follow and discuss Şevket Pamuk’s last book that follows political economy approach of New Institutional Economics when studying economic history of Ottoman Empire and Republican Turkey as well as its theoretical references.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Economic history, which was the most favorite discipline of social sciences during the 1960s and 1970s when Marxism was decisive in the determination of research questions, decayed in the 1990s. In the new conjuncture that the world economy entered in the 2000s, it regained its privileged position within the social sciences in general, in the economics discipline in particular especially by means of studies based on particularly New Institutional Economics. New Institutional Economics, as liberal economics that contains both classical and neoclassical schools, studies history of wealth and growth. Its perspective developed as critics of liberal economics differentiating, following Marx’s conceptualization, institutions as natural and artificial ones and focusing on natural ones. New Institutional Economics accepts such a differentiation but as opposed to the liberal economics, focuses on and studies artificial institutions. There exists however different approaches to define (artificial) institutions among the economic historians of New Institutional Economics; recent studies privileged religion, culture, law, politics, geography in the study of institutions. In this article, we will study economic historians who put forward political economy approach in the definition of institutions. These historians continue to study history of wealth and growth and pay attention to the conflict of interests; as such they incline to comeback to the context in which classical school studied economics. In this article we will review this political economy approach from the perspective of Marx’s critique of political economy. In order to develop such a critical perspective we will follow and discuss Şevket Pamuk’s last book that follows political economy approach of New Institutional Economics when studying economic history of Ottoman Empire and Republican Turkey as well as its theoretical references.

Özet

1960’larda ve 1970’lerde Marksizm’in belirlediği sorunsallar üzerinden sosyal bilimlerin en gözde dalı olan iktisat tarihi, 1990’larla birlikte iyice gözden düşmüştür. 2000’li yıllarda dünya ekonomisinin içine girdiği yeni konjonktürde, özellikle Yeni Kurumsal İktisat temelli yaklaşımlarla, iktisat disiplini başta olmak üzere sosyal bilimler içinde yeniden prestijli bir yer kazanmıştır. Yeni Kurumsal İktisat (YKİ) klasik ve neoklasik okulların birlikte vücut bulduğu liberal iktisat gibi zenginlik ve büyümenin tarihini incelemektedir. Ama YKİ’nin yaklaşımı, Marx’ın kavramsallaştırmasından yola çıkarsak, “doğal” ve “yapay” kurumlar ayrımı yaparak doğal kurumlara odaklanan liberal iktisadın bir eleştirisi olarak gelişmiştir. “Doğal”-“yapay” ayrımını kabul etmişler ama liberal iktisatçıların aksine “yapay” kurumlara odaklanmışlardır. YKİ anlatısı içinde “yapay” kurumların tanımlanması konusunda farklılıklar mevcuttur; son dönemlerde yapılan çalışmalarda din, kültür, hukuk, siyaset, coğrafya vs. gibi farklı faktörlere ağırlık verilmektedir. Biz bu makalede “yapay” kurumlarda açıklayıcı olarak “siyasal iktisat” yaklaşımını öne çıkaran YKİ’nin iktisat tarihçilerini ele alacağız. Zenginlik ve büyüme odaklı olmaya devam ederken çıkar çatışmalarını da dikkate alarak klasik iktisat bağlamına dönüş yapmış gibi görünen YKİ’nin siyasal iktisat yaklaşımını, Marx’ın klasik iktisat eleştirisi bağlamında değerlendireceğiz. Bu tür eleştirel bir yaklaşım ortaya koyarken Osmanlı İmparatorluğu-Türkiye Cumhuriyeti iktisat tarihinde YKİ’nin siyasal iktisat yaklaşımına yaslanan Şevket Pamuk’un son kitabını ve kuramsal referanslarını izleyecek ve tartışacağız.

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Cite This Article

KAYA, A. Y., PEKER, A. O. (2020). How Does New Institutional Economics Write Economic History? A Critical Perspective. Praksis, Sayı: 54, 29–60. https://ajindex.com/articles/302888

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