Journals / Literatür Eczacılık Bilimleri Dergisi / 2020 / Cilt: 9 - Sayı: 3

Applications of Phages in Antimicrobial Therapy

Fajların Antimikrobiyal Tedavide Kullanımı

Pages
271–284
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, the current bacteriophage therapy will be reviewed and the needs in regard to standardization and formulation of bacteriophage therapy will be discussed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health concern due to the economic and social costs associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs.
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Key Findings & Data:The rise of AMR has resulted in an increased interest in bacteriophage therapy, which historically preceded antibiotic treatment against bacterial infections.
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Conclusion & Impact:In this review, the current bacteriophage therapy will be reviewed and the needs in regard to standardization and formulation of bacteriophage therapy will be discussed.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health concern due to the economic and social costs associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. The rise of AMR has resulted in an increased interest in bacteriophage therapy, which historically preceded antibiotic treatment against bacterial infections. To date, there have been no reports of serious adverse effects caused by bacteriophages, and they have been used successfully for decades to treat human diseases in Eastern Europe. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that contain DNA or RNA that can infect and lysate bacteria without causing any adverse effects on human or animal cells. They are used alone or in combination with antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections. However due to the lack of quality, efficacy and safety studies based international regulatory guidelines, phages are not officially approved for clinical applications other than some East European countries. Hence, in order to meet the regulatory requirements, studies demonstrating quality and safety of the phages are needed to be completed. To enhance their stability, phages are freeze-dried (lyophilized) or spray dried to get dry forms or they are encapsulated into delivery systems such as polymeric micro or nanoparticles, and liposomes. In this review, the current bacteriophage therapy will be reviewed and the needs in regard to standardization and formulation of bacteriophage therapy will be discussed.

Özet

Antimikrobiyal direnç [Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)], artan morbidite, mortalite ve tedavi maliyetleriyle ilişkili ekonomik ve sos-yal maliyetler nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. AMR artışı, bakteriyel enfeksiyonlara karşı antibiyotik tedavisinden tarihsel olarak önce gelen bakteriyofaj tedavisine olan ilginin yeniden artmasına neden olmuştur. Bakteriyofajlar, Doğu Avrupa’da çeşitli enfeksiyon hastalık-larının tedavisinde 10’larca yıldır başarıyla kullanılmakta olup, bugüne kadar bakteriyofajların yol açtığı herhangi bir ciddi advers etki bildi-rilmemiştir. Bakteriyofajlar, DNA ya da RNA içeren, insan veya hay-van hücreleri üzerinde herhangi bir olumsuz etkiye neden olmadan bakterileri enfekte ve lize edebilen virüslerdir. Bakteriyel enfeksiyon-ların tedavisinde, tek başlarına veya antibiyotiklerle kombine hâlde kul-lanılmaktadır. Ancak kullanılan fajların uluslararası kabul edilmiş resmî kılavuzlarda belirtilen gerekliliklere uygun kalite, etkinlik ve güvenli-lik çalışmalarının tamamlanmaması nedeniyle bazı Doğu Avrupa ülke-leri dışında, rutin klinik uygulamaları henüz onaylı değildir. Bakteriyofaj çözeltilerin stabilitesiyle ilgili karşılaşılan sorunları çöz-mek amacıyla, fajlar dondurarak kurutma (liyofilizasyon) veya püs-kürterek kurutma yöntemleriyle toz formlarda hazırlanmış, ayrıca lipozomlar, polimerik mikro ve nanopartiküller gibi farklı taşıyıcı sis-temler içine enkapsüle edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, faj tedavisi ve güncel durumu özetlenecek, formülasyon ve standardizasyon yönüyle neler gerektiği tartışılacaktır.

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Cite This Article

TÜRKMEN, E., ŞENEL, S. (2020). Applications of Phages in Antimicrobial Therapy. Literatür Eczacılık Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 9 - Sayı: 3, 271–284. https://ajindex.com/articles/274394

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