Journals / İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi / 2017 / Cilt: 27 - Sayı: 2

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia in the neonatal period: Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment

Yenidoğan döneminde nonketotik hiperglisinemi: Klinik özellikler, tanı ve tedavi

Pages
143–149
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Physicians should consider nonketotic hyperglycinemia in differential diagnosis in our country where consanguineous marriages are frequent, especially when a newborn healthy for a certain time period develops severe hypotonia, resistant seizures and encephalopathy as detected with routine laboratory tests performed during follow up period.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Nonketotic hyperglycinemia, is a recessively inherited autosomal disorder of the amino acid metabolism caused by a deficiency in the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The aim of this case series is to evaluate the clinical features, treatment approaches and short term prognosis of the infants diagnosed with neonatal nonketotic hyperglycinemia during the last 5 years in our department.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Physicians should consider nonketotic hyperglycinemia in differential diagnosis in our country where consanguineous marriages are frequent, especially when a newborn healthy for a certain time period develops severe hypotonia, resistant seizures and encephalopathy as detected with routine laboratory tests performed during follow up period.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia, is a recessively inherited autosomal disorder of the amino acid metabolism caused by a deficiency in the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system. Neonatal type is the most common form. Infants are usually normal at birth and clinical manifestations such as severe hypotonia, poor feeding, seizures, and lethargy progressing rapidly to a deep coma are seen during the first few days of life. Majority of the affected infants die during the first weeks of life. Those who survive develop severe neurological sequelae. The aim of this case series is to evaluate the clinical features, treatment approaches and short term prognosis of the infants diagnosed with neonatal nonketotic hyperglycinemia during the last 5 years in our department. Data were collected retrospectively from patients' files whose postnatal age at diagnosis varied between 2 to 14 days. All patients were admitted with failure to suck and lethargy, and all had severe hypotonia and decreased newborn reflexes on physical examination. Four patients developed resistant myoclonic seizures and deep apnea requiring mechanical ventilation support. In all patients diagnosis was made based on high plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glycine levels. Genetic study could be performed in only one patient. However enzymatic analysis could not be performed in any patient. All patients demonstrated pathological neuroimaging results, and electroencephalographic abnormalities including multifocal epileptiform abnormalities and "burst supression" patterns in four patients. All patients received low protein diet and drugs reducing plasma glycine levels. Treatment-refractory seizures could only be controlled by levetiracetam in four patients. While two patients died during follow-up, and remaining three patients survived with severe neurological sequels. Physicians should consider nonketotic hyperglycinemia in differential diagnosis in our country where consanguineous marriages are frequent, especially when a newborn healthy for a certain time period develops severe hypotonia, resistant seizures and encephalopathy as detected with routine laboratory tests performed during follow up period.

Özet

Nonketotik hiperglisinemi, mitokondriyal glisin parçalayıcı enzim kompleksinin aktivite eksikliğine bağlı glisin yıkımında bozukluk sonucu ortaya çıkan otozomal resesif geçişli doğumsal bir aminoasit metabolizma hastalığıdır. En sık görülen neonatal tipi olup, doğumda tamamen sağlıklı olan yenidoğanlarda ağır hipotoni, beslenme güçlüğü, nöbet ve komaya ilerleyen letarji görülür. Olguların çoğu ilk haftalarda kaybedilirken, yaşayanlarda ciddi nörolojik sekeller gelişir. Bu olgu serisinin amacı kliniğimizde son 5 yıl içerisinde tanı almış neonatal nonketotik hiperglisinemi hastalarının klinik özelliklerinin, tedavi yaklaşımlarının ve kısa dönem sonuçlarının ele alınmasıdır. Tanıda postnatal yaşları 2 ile 14 gün arasında değişen 5 olgunun bilgilerine geriye dönük dosya incelemesiyle ulaşılmıştır. Hastaların tamamı emmeme ve letarji nedeniyle başvurmuş, hepsinin de fizik muayenesinde ağır hipotoni ve azalmış yenidoğan refleksleri saptanmıştır. Dört olgunun yardımcı ventilasyon desteği gerektiren derin apne atakları ve dirençli miyoklonik konvülziyonları gözlenmiştir. Olguların tamamına plazma ve beyin omurilik sıvısındaki yüksek glisin düzeyleri ile tanı konmuş, yalnızca bir hastada genetik çalışma yapılabilmiş, hiçbir hastaya enzimatik analiz yapılamamıştır. Hastaların tümünde patolojik nöroradyolojik görüntüleme sonuçları elde edilmiş, dördünün elektroensefalografisinde multifokal epileptiform anormallikler ve "burst supresyon" paterni saptanmıştır. Tüm hastalarda plazma glisin düzeylerini azaltıcı ajanlar ve düşük proteinli diyet kullanılmış, dört olgudaki dirençli nöbetler ancak levetirasetam ile kontrol altına alınabilmiştir. İzlemde olguların ikisi kaybedilmiş, üçünde ise çeşitli nörolojik sekellerle sağ kalım sağlanmıştır. Akraba evliliklerinin sık olduğu ülkemizde, doğum sonrası belli bir süre iyilik halini takiben ağır hipotoni, dirençli konvülziyonlar ve ensefalopati tablosuyla gelen, rutin laboratuvar bulguları normal olan infantlarda nonketotik hiperglisinemi düşünülmelidir.

🔖

Cite This Article

OLUKMAN, Ö., ÇELİK, K., KATİPOĞLU, N., TEREK, D., KAĞNICI, M., GÜZEL, O., ÇALKAVUR, Ş., ARSLANOĞLU, S. (2017). Nonketotic hyperglycinemia in the neonatal period: Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. İzmir Tepecik Eğitim Hastanesi Dergisi, Cilt: 27 - Sayı: 2, 143–149. https://ajindex.com/articles/268638

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (14)

  1. Applegarth DA, Toone JR. Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia (Glycine Encephalopathy): LaboratoryDiagnosis. Mol Genet Metab 2001;74:139-146.
  2. Aliefendioglu D, Aslan AT, Coskun T, Dursun A, Cakmak FN, Kesimer M. Transient nonketotic hyperglycinemia: Two case report sandliterature review. Pediatr Neurol 2003;28:151- 155.
  3. Demirel N, Bas AY, Zenciroğlu A, Aydemir C, Kalkanoglu S, Coskun T. Neonatal nonketotic hyperglycinemia: report of fivecases. Pediatr Int 2008;50:121-123.
  4. Mutlu M, Aslan Y, Saygın B. Non-ketotik hiperglisinemi: vaka sunumu. J Child 2011;11:29-31
  5. Ünal Ö, Haliloğlu G, Coşkun T. Epileptik Ensefalopatiler. In: Coşkun T, Yurdakök M (eds). Yenidoğanda Kalıtsal Metabolik Hastalıklar
  6. Baskı. Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri, 2014:221-263
  7. Burton BK. In born errors of metabolism in infancy: a guidetodiagnosis. Pediatrics 1998;102:E69.
  8. Rossi S, Daniele I, Bastrenta P, Mastrangelo M, Lista G. Early myoclonic encephalopathy and nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Pediatr Neurol 2009;41:371-374. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.05.005 8. Shah DK, Tingay DG, Fink AM, Hunt RW, Dargaville PA. Magnetic resonance imaging in neonatal nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Pediatr Neurol 2005;33:50-52.
  9. Terek D, Koroglu OA, Gunes S, Yalaz M, Akisu M, Ucar SK, et al. Diagnostic tools of metabolic and structural brain disturbances in neonatalnon-ketotichyperglycinemia. Pediatr Int 2012;54:717-720.
  10. İpek Öİ, Atay E, Duras G, Bozaykut A. Neonatal nonketotik hiperglisinemi. Turk Arch Pediatrics 2004;39:129-131
  11. Hennermann JB, Berger JM, Grieben U, Scharer G, Van Hove JL. Prediction of long-termoutcome in glycineencephalopathy: a clinicalsurvey. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012;35:253- 261.
  12. Chung BHY, Wong KY, Lee JSK, Lam BCC. Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia: a case report and review on treatment. HK J Paediatr (new Series) 2002;7:152-156
  13. Van Hove JL, VandeKerckhove K, Hennermann JB, Mahieu V, Declercg P, Mertens S, et al. Benzoate treatment and the glycine index in nonketotic hyperglycinaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2005;28:651-663.
  14. Taştekin A, Örs R, Özkan B, Deniz O. Rare case of neonatal hypotonia: N