Journals / Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi / 2018 / Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 1

Successful Decompressive Craniectomy in a Child with Severe Head Trauma

Ağır Kafa Travmalı Bir Çocuk Olguda Başarılı Dekompresif Kraniektomi

Pages
31–34
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Decompressive craniectomy should be considered without delay in children with severe head trauma with neurological deterioration or intracranial pressure elevation refractory to medical treatment and in those with herniation.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In developed countries, trauma is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in children.
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Key Findings & Data:The main goal of treatment is to provide airway, respiratory and circulatory support and to prevent increased intracranial pressure.
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Conclusion & Impact:Decompressive craniectomy should be considered without delay in children with severe head trauma with neurological deterioration or intracranial pressure elevation refractory to medical treatment and in those with herniation.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In developed countries, trauma is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Severe traumatic brain injury is the most important cause of death in these patients. The main goal of treatment is to provide airway, respiratory and circulatory support and to prevent increased intracranial pressure. An 8-year-old girl with a severe traumatic brain injury due to traffic accident was admitted. The patient had a Glasgow Coma scale score of 8. She was intubated and provided respiratory and hemodynamic support. Cranial tomography showed bilateral diffuse frontal hemorrhagic contusion areas, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, a slim subdural hemorrhage, basal cistern effacement, and severe brain edema with a midline shift to the left of 1 cm. Mannitol, 3% sodium chloride and phenytoin were given to the patient. At the 4th hour of the follow-up in pediatric intensive care, decompressive craniectomy was performed because the patient developed clinical herniation findings. The patient was extubated on the 3rd day and discharged on the 13th day. She did not have any neurological sequelae at 6 months of follow-up. Decompressive craniectomy should be considered without delay in children with severe head trauma with neurological deterioration or intracranial pressure elevation refractory to medical treatment and in those with herniation.

Özet

Gelişmiş ülkelerde travma, çocuklarda mortalite ve morbiditenin en sık görülen sebebidir. Bu hastalarda ağır travmatik beyin hasarı en önemli ölüm nedenidir. Tedavide temel hedef havayolu, respiratuvar, dolaşım desteği sağlamak ve bunun yanında kafa içi basınç artışını önlemektir. Sekiz yaşında kız olgu trafik kazası sonucu ağır travmatik beyin hasarı ile getirildi. Glasgow Koma ölçeği 8 olan olgu entübe edildi ve olguya respiratuvar ve dolaşım desteği verildi. Kraniyal tomografide bilateral frontal lobda hemorajik kontüzyon alanları, travmatik subaraknoid kanama, sağda ince subdural kanama alanı, bazal sisternalarda silinme, ciddi beyin ödemi ve orta hatta sola doğru 1 cm şift vardı. Hastaya mannitol, %3 NaCl ve fenitoin tedavisi verildi. İzlemde herniasyon bulguları gelişmesi üzerine başvurusunun 4. saatinde dekompresif kraniektomi uygulandı. Çocuk yoğun bakım izleminde 3. gün ekstübe edilen olgu, 13. gün taburcu edildi. İzleminin 6. ayında nörolojik olarak sekelsizdi. Ağır kafa travmalı çocuk hastada dekompresif kraniektomi uygulaması, tıbbi tedaviye yanıtsız nörolojik bozulma veya kafa içi basınç artışında veya herniasyon durumunda gecikmeden düşünülmelidir

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Cite This Article

ÖZÇİFÇİ, G., ANIL, A. B., ZENGİN, N., CAN, F. K., ARSLAN, D., ALTUĞ, U., DURAK, F. (2018). Successful Decompressive Craniectomy in a Child with Severe Head Trauma. Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 1, 31–34. https://ajindex.com/articles/193275

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