Journals / Astım Allerji İmmünoloji / 2010 / Cilt: 8 - Sayı: 1

Prevalence of pulmonary symptoms and allergic rhinitis in 13-15 years old school children in urban and rural Tokat, Turkey: Evaluation of risk factors and hygiene hypothesis

Tokat merkez ve köylerinde 13-15 yaş okul çocuklarında pulmoner semptomlar ve allerjik rinit sıklığı: Risk faktörleri ve hijyen hipotezinin değerlendirilmesi

Pages
23–32
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These results suggest that there might be some other unknown factors influencing the interactions between the genetics and the environment, that cause allergic diseases.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the prevalances of asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic bronchitis in 13-15 years old school children living in the rural and urban areas of Tokat city from the Black Sea region, and to evaluate the impact of household and children characteristics on prevalences of allergic diseases in order to question the hygiene hypothesis.
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the urban and rural parts of Tokat in 13-15 years old school children.
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Conclusion & Impact:These results suggest that there might be some other unknown factors influencing the interactions between the genetics and the environment, that cause allergic diseases.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the prevalances of asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic bronchitis in 13-15 years old school children living in the rural and urban areas of Tokat city from the Black Sea region, and to evaluate the impact of household and children characteristics on prevalences of allergic diseases in order to question the hygiene hypothesis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the urban and rural parts of Tokat in 13-15 years old school children. The questionnaire included the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) phase I questions. The items asking for chronic bronchitis and household characteristics were also included. Results: Eight hundred eighty (81%) children from the urban and 210 (19%) children from the rural Tokat were included in the study. In the study population, the prevalences of wheeze, ever and current (last 12 months), were 17% and 10.4%, respectively and both symptoms were significantly more common in the urban. The rate of physiciandiagnosed asthma was 17.8% and there was no significant difference with respect to gender and place of residence. Chronic bronchitis was present in 25.6% of cases and were significantly more common in the urban and among the girls. Physiciandiagnosed allergic rhinitis was 10.4% in the total population and significantly more common in the rural (16%). Factors like gender, having an older sibling, sharing bedroom by siblings, and having a pet, were not found to be risk factors for wheezing, asthma and allergic rhinitis. The parental atopy was a risk factor for allergic rhinitis, and smoking at home for current wheeze was a risk factor in the urban. The presence of carpets on the floor was found to be a significant risk for wheezing and physiciandiagnosed asthma in the urban. Conclusion: The prevalences of wheezing, asthma and allergic rhinitis in 13-15 years old school children in Tokat were in accordance with the studies carried out in costal cities of Black Sea region. Allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in the rural areas and having older sibling and sharing the bedrooms were found to be nonprotective for allergic diseases, all of which were contradictory to hygiene hypothesis. These results suggest that there might be some other unknown factors influencing the interactions between the genetics and the environment, that cause allergic diseases.

Özet

Giriş: Bu çalışmada Tokat’ta şehir merkezi ve köyde yaşayan 13-15 yaş okul çocuklarında, astım, allerjik rinit ve kronik bronşit prevalansının belirlenmesi, ev içi olası risk faktörlerinin ve evde yaşayan kardeş sayısının allerjik hastalıklar prevalans değerlerine etkisi incelenerek hijyen hipotezinin sorgulanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Tokat il merkezi ve köylerinde 13-15 yaş grubu okul çocuklarında yapılmıştır. Anketimizde ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) faz I soruları kullanılmış ve ek olarak kronik bronşit semptomları ve allerjik hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasında rol oynayabilecek ev içi risk faktörleri sorgulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 880 (%81)’i şehir merkezinden, 210 (%19)’u köyden olmak üzere 1090 çocuk dahil edildi. Tüm popülasyonda hayat boyu hışıltı %17, son 12 ayda hışıltı %10.4 bulundu ve her iki semptomda şehirde yaşayan öğrencilerde anlamlı olarak daha sık gözlendi. Doktor tanılı astım ise %17.8 idi, yaşanan bölge ve cinsiyet açısından fark yoktu. Kronik bronşit %25.6 oranında saptandı, şehirde ve kızlarda anlamlı olarak daha sık bulundu. Doktor tanılı allerjik rinit tüm popülasyonda %10.4 olarak saptandı ve köyde yaşayan çocuklarda anlamlı olarak daha sıktı (%16). Cinsiyet, evde büyük kardeş olması, kardeşlerin aynı odayı paylaşması, evde hayvan beslenmesi gibi faktörlerin hışıltı, astım ve allerjik rinit için risk oluşturmadığı tespit edildi. Ailesel atopinin allerjik rinit için, evde sigara içilmesinin şehirde yaşayan çocuklarda son 12 aydaki hışıltı için risk faktörü olduğu gözlendi. Oda zemini üzerinde halı olması şehirde yaşayan çocuklarda hem hışıltı, hem de doktor tanılı astım riskini anlamlı olarak artırıyordu. Sonuç: Tokat’ta 13-15 yaş grubunda hışıltı, astım ve allerjik rinit prevalansı Karadeniz’e kıyısı olan şehirlerde yapılan çalışmalarla uyumluluk göstermektedir. Allerjik rinitin köyde anlamlı olarak daha sık görülmesi, evde büyük kardeş olması ve aynı odanın paylaşılması gibi faktörlerin allerjik hastalıklar açısından koruyucu bulunmaması hijyen hipotezi ile çelişkili bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular allerjik hastalıkları ortaya çıkaran genetik yapı çevre etkileşiminde henüz bilinmeyen farklı faktörlerin de rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

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Cite This Article

ÇELİKEL, S., ERKORKMAZ, Ü., YILMAZ, A., SEZGİN, T., ÖZER, I., SAZLIDERE, H., KÖSEOĞLU, H. İ., DORUK, S. (2010). Prevalence of pulmonary symptoms and allergic rhinitis in 13-15 years old school children in urban and rural Tokat, Turkey: Evaluation of risk factors and hygiene hypothesis. Astım Allerji İmmünoloji, Cilt: 8 - Sayı: 1, 23–32. https://ajindex.com/articles/166132

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