Journals / Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi / 2019 / Cilt: 24 - Sayı: 1

Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis B Infections

Hepatit B İnfeksiyonlarının İmmünopatogenezi

Pages
1–10
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Further understanding of the mechanisms of immunopathology would be beneficial in the development of new effective therapeutic strategies.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are among the major health problems and leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide.
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Key Findings & Data:Even though cellular immune response, especially the virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells, are central, several other components of the immune system components contribute to hepatitis B pathogenesis.
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Conclusion & Impact:Further understanding of the mechanisms of immunopathology would be beneficial in the development of new effective therapeutic strategies.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are among the major health problems and leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Despite therapeutic advancements, chronic HBV infection is not a curable disease yet. The clinical outcome of hepatitis B infections depend upon the age at infection, level of HBV replication, and immune status of the host. While clinical course of the diseases ranges from subclinical hepatitis to anicteric hepatitis, icteric hepatitis, and fulminant hepatitis in acute hepatitis, manifestations range from an asymptomatic inactive state to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the chronic phase. Hepatitis B virus replicates in the hepatocyte non-cytopathically and most of the clinical syndromes associated with this infection due to immune response. Activation of the immune responses against viral infections is associated with both liver damage and virus elimination. Even though cellular immune response, especially the virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells, are central, several other components of the immune system components contribute to hepatitis B pathogenesis. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, both innate and adaptive immune responses are weak and T cell response is exhausted. Further understanding of the mechanisms of immunopathology would be beneficial in the development of new effective therapeutic strategies.

Özet

Hepatit B infeksiyonları tüm dünyada majör sağlık problemleri arasında olup, siroz ve hepatoselüler karsinomanın en önemli nedenidir. Tedavide gelişmelere rağmen henüz kronik hepatit B infeksiyonunda kür sağlanamamaktadır. Hepatit B infeksiyonlarında klinik sonuç infeksiyonun alınma yaşı, viral yük ve konağın immün yanıtına bağlıdır. Akut hepatitlerde klinik seyir subklinik hastalıktan, anikterik hepatite, ikterik hepatite ve fulminant hepatite kadar değişebilirken, kronik hepatitlerde hastalığın seyri asemptomatik inaktif durumdan kronik hepatite, siroz ve hepatoselüler karsinomaya kadar değişebilir. Hepatit B virüsü hepatositlerde sitopatik olmayarak çoğalır ve klinik sendromların çoğu immün yanıt ile ilişkilidir. İmmün sistem aktivasyonu virüsün eliminasyonunu sağladığı gibi karaciğer hasarına da neden olur. Hepatit B patogenezinde hücresel immün yanıt özellikle de CD8+ T hücreler santral olmasına rağmen immün sistemin diğer komponentleri de katkıda bulunur. Kronik hepatitli hastalarda hem doğal hem de adaptif immün yanıt zayıflamış ve T hücre yanıtı tükenmiş durumdadır. İmmünopatolojideki mekanizmaların daha iyi anlaşılması, yeni etkin tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde yararlı olacaktır.

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Cite This Article

TÜLEK, N. (2019). Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis B Infections. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 24 - Sayı: 1, 1–10. https://ajindex.com/articles/166017

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