SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

The Effect of Subjective Athletic Performance Perception on Psychological Well-being in Student Athletes

Sporcu Öğrencilerde Öznel Sportif Performans Algısının Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Etkisi

Emirhan Kan(ATATURK UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-5569-7624
Muhammet Talha Han(KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4760-3485
Bahar Altınışıkoğlu(KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0003-9250-8222
Pages
395–410
Publication Date
2026-10-23
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings revealed a positive, low-to-moderate, and statistically significant relationship between subjective sport performance perception and psychological well-being (r = .263, p < .001).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student-athlete’s subjective perceptions of sport performance and their levels of psychological well-being.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The study group consisted of 340 student-athletes (57.9% female, 42.1% male; Age M = 19.86, SD = 2.43) actively engaged in sport across various universities in Turkey.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Findings revealed a positive, low-to-moderate, and statistically significant relationship between subjective sport performance perception and psychological well-being (r = .263, p < .001).
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:2009 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Öznel sportif performans algısı · psikolojik iyi oluş · sporcu öğrenci

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student-athlete’s subjective perceptions of sport performance and their levels of psychological well-being. The study was designed as a cross-sectional relational survey model. The study group consisted of 340 student-athletes (57.9% female, 42.1% male; Age M = 19.86, SD = 2.43) actively engaged in sport across various universities in Turkey. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, a single-item Visual Analogue Scale assessing subjective sport performance perception, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale developed by Diener et al. (2009) and adapted into Turkish by Telef (2013). Pearson correlation and simple linear regression analyses were conducted, with coefficient reliability tested through a 5,000-resample bootstrap procedure. Findings revealed a positive, low-to-moderate, and statistically significant relationship between subjective sport performance perception and psychological well-being (r = .263, p < .001). Simple linear regression results indicated that subjective sport performance perception significantly explained approximately 6.9% of the total variance in psychological well-being (R² = .069; F(1, 338) = 25.103; p < .001). Given the cross-sectional design of the study, the findings reflect an associative rather than a causal pattern. The results are largely consistent with the competence-need propositions of self-determination theory and with recent empirical findings in the athlete well-being literature, suggesting that subjective performance perception should not be overlooked in efforts to support student-athletes' psychological well-being.

Özet

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sporcu öğrencilerin öznel sportif performans algıları ile psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden kesitsel ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Türkiye'deki çeşitli üniversitelerde öğrenim gören ve aktif olarak spor yapan 340 sporcu öğrenci (%57,9 kadın, %42,1 erkek; Yaş X̄ = 19,86, SS = 2,43) oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama sürecinde Kişisel Bilgi Formu, öznel sportif performans algısını ölçmek amacıyla tek maddelik bir Görsel Analog Skalası ve Diener ve arkadaşları (2009) tarafından geliştirilip Telef (2013) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson korelasyon analizi ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizinden yararlanılmış, katsayıların güvenirliği 5000 örneklemeye dayalı bootstrap yöntemiyle sınanmıştır. Bulgular, öznel sportif performans algısı ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasında pozitif yönlü, düşük-orta düzeyde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur (r = ,263; p <,001). Basit doğrusal regresyon analizi sonuçları, öznel sportif performans algısının psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyindeki toplam varyansın yaklaşık %6,9'unu anlamlı biçimde açıkladığını göstermiştir (R² = ,069; F (1, 338) = 25,103; p <,001). Araştırmanın kesitsel doğası gereği bulgular nedensel değil ilişkisel bir örüntüye işaret etmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, kendi kaderini tayin kuramının yeterlik ihtiyacına ilişkin önermeleriyle ve sporcu esenliği alanındaki güncel görgül bulgularla büyük ölçüde tutarlılık göstermekte; sporcu öğrencilerin psikolojik esenliğinin desteklenmesinde performansa ilişkin öznel algının göz ardı edilmemesi gereken bir unsur olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kan, E., Han, M. T., Altınışıkoğlu, B. (2026). The Effect of Subjective Athletic Performance Perception on Psychological Well-being in Student Athletes. Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 395–410. https://ajindex.com/articles/1626771

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (36)

  1. Agnew, D.; Henderson, P.; Woods, C. Ethics, integrity and well-being in elite sport: A systematic review. Sport J. 2017, 23, 1–19.
  2. Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  3. Christensen, L. B., Johnson, B., Turner, L. A., & Christensen, L. B. (2011). Research methods, design, and analysis. Cid, L.; Silva, A.; Monteiro, D.; Louro, H.; Moutão, J. Passion, motivation and performance of swimming athletes. Rev. Iberoam. Psicol. Ejerc. Deporte 2016, 11, 53–58.
  4. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  5. Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage publications.
  6. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9018-1
  7. Diener, E., Napa Scollon, C., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. In Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener (pp. 67-100). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_4
  8. Mallery, P., & George, D. (2000). SPSS for windows step by step. Allyn & Bacon, Inc. Gustafsson, H.; Sagar, S.S.; Stenling, A. Fear of failure, psychological stress, and burnout among adolescent athletes competing in high level sport. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2016, 27, 2091–2102. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12797
  9. Gürbüz, S. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri [Mediation, moderation, andconditional process analysis in the social sciences]. Seçkin Press.
  10. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2014) Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th Edition, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River.
  11. Hong H.J., Minikin B. (2023) An international analysis of career assistance programmes for high-performance athletes. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, vol. 15, no 4, pp. 705-724. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2023.2242873
  12. Kenney WL, Wilmore JH, Costill DL. Physiology of sport and exercise. 6. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2015. Keyes, C. L., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(6), 1007. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
  13. Kun W., Tham J., Mohamad N. (2023) Sports education management and psychological factors of athlete performance in China: Underpinning theories. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, vol. 6, no 9(2), pp. 971-984.
  14. Lundqvist, C. (2011). Well-being in competitive sports—The feel-good factor? A review of conceptual considerations of well-being. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(2), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.584067
  15. Makaruk H., Starzak M., Tarkowski P., Sadowski J., Winchester J. (2024) The effects of resistance training on sport-specific performance of elite athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Human Kinetics, vol. 91, pp. 135-155. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/185877
  16. Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., & Levy, A. R. (2012). A path analysis of stress appraisals, emotions, coping, and performance satisfaction among athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(3), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.12.003
  17. Pensgaard, A. M., & Duda, J. L. (2003). Sydney 2000: The interplay between emotions, coping, and the performance of Olympic-level athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 17(3), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.17.3.253
  18. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  19. Reardon, C. L., Hainline, B., Aron, C. M., Baron, D., Baum, A. L., Bindra, A., Budgett, R., Campriani, N., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Currie, A., Derevensky, J. L., Glick, I. D., Gorczynski, P., Gouttebarge, V., Grandner, M. A., Han, D. H., McDuff, D., Mountjoy, M., Polat, A., … Engebretsen, L. (2019). Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(11), 667–699. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715
  20. Reardon, C.L.; Factor, R.M. Sports Psychiatry: A Systematic Review of Diagnosis and Medical Treatment of Mental Illness in Athletes. Sports Med. 2010, 40, 961–980. https://doi.org/10.2165/11536580-000000000-00000
  21. Rice, S.M.; Purcell, R.; De Silva, S.; Mawren, D.; McGorry, P.D.; Parker, A.G. The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2016, 46, 1333–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2
  22. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  23. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research, 2(3-33), 36.
  24. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(6), 1069. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
  25. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
  26. Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2014). Psychological resilience in sport performers: A review of stressors and protective factors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(15), 1419–1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.901551
  27. Sonstroem, R. J., & Morgan, W. P. (1989). Exercise and self-esteem: Rationale and model. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 21(3), 329-337.
  28. Teixeira, D.; Rodrigues, F.; Vitorino, A.; Cid, L.; Bento, T.; Evmenenko, A.; Macedo, R.; Morales-Sánchez, V.; Monteiro, D. The dualistic model of passion in adapted sport: A double-serial mediation analysis on satisfaction with life. Current Psychol. 2023, 42, 8919–8930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02186-5
  29. Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(28-3), 374-384. https://izlik.org/JA93MA36YU
  30. Vallerand, R. J. (2008). On the psychology of passion: In search of what makes people's lives most worth living. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.1
  31. Vallerand, R.; Blanchard, C.; Mageau, G.A.; Koestner, R.; Ratelle, C.; Léonard, M.; Gagné, M.; Marsolais, J. Les Passions de l’Âme: On Obsessive and Harmonious Passion. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 2003, 85, 756–767. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.756
  32. Vallerand, R.; Miquelon, P. Passion for Sport in Athletes. In Social Psychology in Sport; Lavalle, S.J.D., Ed.; Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL, USA, 2007; pp. 249–263. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781492595878.ch-018
  33. Vallerand, R.J.; Mageau, G.A.; Elliot, A.J.; Dumais, A.; Demers, M.-A.; Rousseau, F. Passion and performance attainment in sport. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2008, 9, 373–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.05.003
  34. Verner-Filion, J., Vallerand, R. J., Amiot, C. E., & Mocanu, I. (2017). The two roads from passion to sport performance and psychological well-being: The mediating role of need satisfaction, deliberate practice, and achievement goals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 30, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.01.009 Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2024). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Human kinetics. World Health Organization. Promoting mental health: concepts, emerging evidence, practice: summary report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
  35. Wylleman, P., Alfermann, D., & Lavallee, D. (2004). Career transitions in sport: European perspectives. Psychology of sport and exercise, 5(1), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00049-3
  36. Mallery, P., & George, D. (2000). SPSS for windows step by step. Allyn & Bacon, Inc. Gustafsson, H.; Sagar, S.S.; Stenling, A. Fear of failure, psychological stress, and burnout among adolescent athletes competing in high level sport. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2016, 27, 2091–2102. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12797