SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Changes in Sprint and Jump Performance, RFD, RSI, and Asymmetries During a 15-Week Training Period in Youth Basketball Players

Basketbol Altyapı Sporcularında 15 Haftalık Antrenman Sürecinde Sprint, Sıçrama Performansı, RFD, RSI ve Asimetrilerin Değişimi

Nuri Topsakal(MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1583-107X
Enis Baş0009-0008-9733-4897
Zeki Can Doğru0009-0005-6324-5915
Recep Göçmen(MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-0481-3661
Ömer İlhan(MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0003-4849-517X
Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu(GÜMÜŞHANE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR YÜKSEKOKULU, ANTRENÖRLÜK EĞİTİMİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-2166-6675
Pages
339–357
Publication Date
2026-10-23
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, the program produced a "selective adaptation" profile rather than a homogeneous one; while providing clear improvements in sprint, reactive strength (RSI), and single-leg jumping, a plateau in bilateral vertical jump and RFD parameters was observed, partly due to adolescent mass gain.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study aimed to examine the time-dependent changes in 20-m sprint, vertical jump tests (CMJ, Squat Jump), drop jump reactive strength index (RSI), rate of force development (eccentric and concentric RFD), and lower-extremity unilateral jump performance in female athletes aged 12–16 in a basketball academy throughout a 15-week systematic training program.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Thirty female basketball players (aged 12–16) actively competing in the Fenerbahçe Sports Club academy participated.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, the program produced a "selective adaptation" profile rather than a homogeneous one; while providing clear improvements in sprint, reactive strength (RSI), and single-leg jumping, a plateau in bilateral vertical jump and RFD parameters was observed, partly due to adolescent mass gain.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Genç Basketbolcular · Reaktif Kuvvet İndeksi · Kuvvet Üretim Hızı

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the time-dependent changes in 20-m sprint, vertical jump tests (CMJ, Squat Jump), drop jump reactive strength index (RSI), rate of force development (eccentric and concentric RFD), and lower-extremity unilateral jump performance in female athletes aged 12–16 in a basketball academy throughout a 15-week systematic training program. Thirty female basketball players (aged 12–16) actively competing in the Fenerbahçe Sports Club academy participated. Conducted with a single-group, longitudinal, repeated-measures design, the study implemented a program comprising coordination, plyometric, strength, and agility components. Measurements were taken at weeks 3 (T1), 9 (T2), and 15 (T3); data were analyzed using a Linear Mixed Model, and differences were examined with the Bonferroni test. A significant increase in body weight (T1: 63.06; T3: 66.48 kg) was found (p<0.05). The 20-m sprint time improved significantly (T1: 3.49; T3: 3.31 s; p<0.001). Drop Jump RSI increased markedly (T1: 1.23; T3: 1.60; p<0.001). Single-leg impulse-momentum values improved significantly in both the left (T1: 10.53; T3: 12.19) and right legs (T1: 10.84; T3: 11.75) (p<0.05). In contrast, vertical jump height (p=0.102), concentric RFD (p=0.07), eccentric RFD (p=0.132), and Squat Jump concentric RFD (p=0.149) did not change significantly. Squat Jump impulse-momentum, however, decreased significantly (T1: 26.86; T3: 22.56; p<0.001). In conclusion, the program produced a "selective adaptation" profile rather than a homogeneous one; while providing clear improvements in sprint, reactive strength (RSI), and single-leg jumping, a plateau in bilateral vertical jump and RFD parameters was observed, partly due to adolescent mass gain. Coaches are advised to integrate periodic maximal strength training alongside plyometric work.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, basketbol altyapısındaki 12–16 yaş kız sporcularda 15 haftalık sistematik bir antrenman programı süresince 20 m sprint, dikey sıçrama (CMJ, Squat Jump), drop jump reaktif kuvvet indeksi (RSI), kuvvet üretim hızı (eksantrik ve konsantrik RFD) ve alt ekstremite unilateral sıçrama performanslarının zamana bağlı değişimlerini incelemektir. Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü altyapısında aktif 30 kız basketbolcu (12–16 yaş) katılmış; tek gruplu, uzunlamasına ve tekrarlı ölçüm tasarımıyla yürütülen çalışmada koordinasyon, pliometrik, kuvvet ve çabukluk içeren program uygulanmıştır. Ölçümler 3. (T1), 9. (T2) ve 15. (T3) haftalarda yapılmış; veriler Doğrusal Karma Model ile analiz edilmiş, farklar Bonferroni testiyle incelenmiştir. Vücut ağırlığında anlamlı artış (T1: 63,06; T3: 66,48 kg) saptanmıştır (p<0.05). 20 m sprint süresinde anlamlı iyileşme görülmüştür (T1: 3,49; T3: 3,31 sn; p<0.001). Drop Jump RSI ileri düzeyde artmıştır (T1: 1,23; T3: 1,60; p<0.001). Tek bacak impuls-momentum değerleri hem sol (T1: 10,53; T3: 12,19) hem sağ bacakta (T1: 10,84; T3: 11,75) anlamlı gelişmiştir (p<0.05). Buna karşın dikey sıçrama yüksekliği (p=0.102), konsantrik RFD (p=0.07), eksantrik RFD (p=0.132) ve Squat Jump konsantrik RFD (p=0.149) anlamlı değişmemiştir. Squat Jump impuls-momentum ise anlamlı azalmıştır (T1: 26,86; T3: 22,56; p<0.001). Sonuç olarak program homojen değil "seçici bir adaptasyon" profili oluşturmuştur; sprint, reaktif kuvvet (RSI) ve tek bacak sıçramada belirgin ilerleme sağlarken, ergenlik dönemi kütle artışının da etkisiyle bilateral dikey sıçrama ve RFD parametrelerinde plato görülmüştür. Antrenörlerin pliometrik çalışmalara periyodik maksimal kuvvet antrenmanları entegre etmeleri önerilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Topsakal, N., Baş, E., Doğru, Z. C., Göçmen, R., İlhan, Ö., Bayrakdaroğlu, S. (2026). Changes in Sprint and Jump Performance, RFD, RSI, and Asymmetries During a 15-Week Training Period in Youth Basketball Players. Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 339–357. https://ajindex.com/articles/1626769

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (25)

  1. Arede, J., Fernandes, J. F. T., Schöllhorn, W. I., ve Leite, N. (2022). Differential repeated sprinting training in youth basketball players: An analysis of effects according to maturity status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), Article 12265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912265
  2. Chelly, M. S., Ghenem, M. A., Abid, K., Hermassi, S., Tabka, Z., ve Shephard, R. J. (2010). Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump- and sprint performance of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2670–2676. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e2728f
  3. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  4. Conte, D., Kolb, N., Scanlan, A. T., ve Santolamazza, F. (2018). Monitoring training load and well-being during the in-season phase in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s basketball. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(8), 1067–1074. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0689
  5. Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., ve Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1—Biological basis of maximal power production. Sports Medicine, 41(1), 17–38. https://doi.org/10.2165/11537690-000000000-00000
  6. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., ve Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  7. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., ve Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  8. Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage.
  9. Flanagan, E. P., ve Comyns, T. M. (2008). The use of contact time and the reactive strength index to optimize fast stretch-shortening cycle training. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 30(5), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318187e25b Fox, K. T., Pearson, L. T., ve Hicks, K. M. (2023). The effect of lower inter-limb asymmetries on athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 18(6), Article e0286942. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286942
  10. García-Ramos, A., ve Jaric, S. (2018). Two-point method: A quick and fatigue-free procedure for assessment of muscle mechanical capacities and their changes. Sports Medicine, 48(3), 473–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0830-5
  11. Gueorguieva, R., ve Krystal, J. H. (2004). Move over ANOVA: Progress in analyzing repeated-measures data and its reflection in papers published in the Archives of General Psychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(3), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.3.310
  12. Harper, D. J., Carling, C., ve Kiely, J. (2022). High-intensity acceleration and deceleration demands in elite team sports competitive match play: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 52, 1927–1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01519-9
  13. Jeffreys, I., ve Moody, J. (Eds.). (2016). Strength and conditioning for sports performance. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315885711
  14. Kalata, M., Williams, C. A., Verbruggen, F. F., De Ste Croix, M. B., Lehnert, M., Zahalka, F., ve Maly, T. (2025). Strength and jumping performance in youth athletes: Do sport specialization and age categories affect strength asymmetry? Research in Sports Medicine, 33(3), 334–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2025.2465544
  15. Lloyd, R. S., ve Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 34(3), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31825760ea
  16. Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Faigenbaum, A. D., Howard, R., De Ste Croix, M. B., Williams, C. A., Best, T. M., Alvar, B. A., Micheli, L. J., Thomas, D. P., Hatfield, D. L., Cronin, J. B., ve Myer, G. D. (2015). Long-term athletic development—Part 1: A pathway for all youth. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1439–1450. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000756
  17. Maffiuletti, N. A., Aagaard, P., Blazevich, A. J., Folland, J. P., Tillin, N., ve Duchateau, J. (2016). Rate of force development: Physiological and methodological considerations. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(6), 1091–1116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3346-6
  18. Markovic, G., ve Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports Medicine, 40(10), 859–895. https://doi.org/10.2165/11318370-000000000-00000
  19. Pamuk, Ö., Makaracı, Y., Ceylan, L., Küçük, H., Kızılet, T., Ceylan, T., ve Kaya, E. (2023). Associations between force-time related single-leg counter movement jump variables, agility, and linear sprint in competitive youth male basketball players. Children, 10(3), 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030427
  20. Parkinson, J., Read, P., McDowell, L., Bishop, C., ve Turner, A. (2021). Inter-limb asymmetry in athletic populations: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(7), 1985–2003. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003982
  21. Read, P. J., Bishop, C., Turner, A., ve Comfort, P. (2020). The inter-limb asymmetry threshold for injury risk in athletes: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 50(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01230-1
  22. Scanlan, A. T., Wen, N., Tucker, P. S., ve Dalbo, V. J. (2014). The relationships between internal and external training load models during basketball training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(9), 2397–2405. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000458 Stojanović, E., Stojiljković, N., Scanlan, A. T., Dalbo, V. J., Berkelmans, D. M., ve Milanović, Z. (2018). The activity demands and physiological responses encountered during basketball match-play: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 111–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0794-z
  23. West, B. T., Welch, K. B., ve Galecki, A. T. (2015). Linear mixed models: A practical guide using statistical software (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
  24. World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194.
  25. Wormhoudt, R., Savelsbergh, G. J. P., Teunissen, J. W., ve Davids, K. (2018). The athletic skills model: Optimizing talent development through movement education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315201474