Journals / Maruf İktisat İslâm İktisadı Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 11

Organic Food Market Analysis Based on Information Asymmetry: A Quantitative Analysis on the Case of Türkiye and Germany

Bilgi Asimetrisi Ekseninde Organik Gıda Piyasası Analizi: Türkiye ve Almanya Örneği Üzerine Nicel Bir Analiz

Merve Karaman(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSAT FAKÜLTESİ, İKTİSAT (DR))0000-0002-4293-1538
Gülden Ülgen(İstanbul Üniversitesi)0000-0001-6998-7243
Pages
84–119
Publication Date
2026-07-01
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this framework, multi-dimensional policy recommendations are developed for Türkiye, particularly focusing on enhancing the effectiveness of labeling and certification processes to reduce information asymmetry and implementing policies aimed at raising public awareness.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Global population growth and the subsequent rise in food demand have necessitated a restructuring of agricultural production processes.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The research covers the period from 2000 to the present.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this framework, multi-dimensional policy recommendations are developed for Türkiye, particularly focusing on enhancing the effectiveness of labeling and certification processes to reduce information asymmetry and implementing policies aimed at raising public awareness.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2000 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Organik gıda · Bilgi asimetrisi · Tüketici güveni

Abstract

Global population growth and the subsequent rise in food demand have necessitated a restructuring of agricultural production processes. The adoption of innovation-based production techniques to meet this demand has brought about various challenges in the fields of environment, health, and sustainability. In this context, organic agriculture has increasingly gained significance as an alternative solution to these issues. This study aims to examine the roles of consumer trust, certification, information asymmetry, and incentive mechanisms in the organic food market through a holistic perspective encompassing both production and consumption dimensions. Accordingly, the organic food markets of Türkiye, characterized by an emerging market structure, and Germany, a developed market economy, are analyzed comparatively. The research covers the period from 2000 to the present. In terms of methodology, in addition to descriptive statistical analysis, time series analysis was employed to measure the causal dimensions of market dynamics, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing approach was applied for both countries. The econometric findings empirically demonstrate that while institutional incentives significantly increase production in the Turkish organic food market, consumer demand is not fully reflected in producer supply due to the problem of information asymmetry. Another finding indicates that Türkiye’s organic food market is in a developing stage and currently lags behind the market standards achieved by Germany. In this framework, multi-dimensional policy recommendations are developed for Türkiye, particularly focusing on enhancing the effectiveness of labeling and certification processes to reduce information asymmetry and implementing policies aimed at raising public awareness.

Özet

Küresel nüfus artışı ve buna bağlı olarak yükselen gıda talebi, tarımsal üretim süreçlerinin yeniden şekillenmesine yol açmıştır. Bu talebi karşılamak üzere inovasyon temelli üretim tekniklerinin benimsenmesi, çevre, sağlık ve sürdürülebilirlik alanlarında çeşitli sorunları beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda organik tarım, söz konusu sorunlara alternatif bir çözüm arayışı olarak giderek daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, organik gıda piyasasında tüketici güveni, sertifikasyon, bilgi asimetrisi ve teşvik mekanizmalarının rolünü, üretim ve tüketim boyutlarıyla bütüncül bir perspektifte incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, gelişmekte olan bir piyasa yapısına sahip Türkiye ile gelişmiş bir piyasa ekonomisi olan Almanya’nın organik gıda piyasaları karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmektedir. Araştırma, 2000 yılı sonrasından günümüze kadar olan dönemi kapsamaktadır. Araştırmanın yöntemi olarak betimleyici istatistiksel analizlerin yanı sıra, piyasa dinamiklerinin nedensel boyutunu ölçmek amacıyla zaman serisi analizi benimsenmiş ve her iki ülke için ARDL (Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif) Sınır Testi yaklaşımı uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen ekonometrik bulgular, Türkiye organik gıda piyasasında kurumsal teşviklerin üretimi anlamlı düzeyde artırdığını, ancak bilgi asimetrisi sorunu nedeniyle tüketici talebinin üretici arzına yansımadığını ampirik olarak kanıtlamaktadır. Bir diğer bulgu Türkiye’nin organik gıda piyasasının gelişmekte olduğunu ve Almanya’nın ulaştığı piyasa standartlarının henüz gerisinde kaldığını göstermektedir. Bu çerçevede, Türkiye’de bilgi asimetrisinin azaltılması amacıyla etiketleme ve sertifikasyon süreçlerinin daha etkin hale getirilmesi ve kamuoyunu bilinçlendirmeye yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesi başta olmak üzere, çok boyutlu politika önerileri geliştirilmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Karaman, M., Ülgen, G. (2026). Organic Food Market Analysis Based on Information Asymmetry: A Quantitative Analysis on the Case of Türkiye and Germany. Maruf İktisat İslâm İktisadı Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı: 11, 84–119. https://doi.org/10.58686/marufiktisat.1936293

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (37)

  1. Abdul Latip, M. S. ve Trupp, A. (2025): Investigating social influence, trust and greenwashing in organic food purchases: insights from a developing country. British Food Journal, 127(10), 3858–3875.
  2. Basu, D. ve Chakraborty, K. (2025): Comparing organic market strategies: being certified vs building loyalty. British Food Journal, 127(10), 3651–3670.
  3. Caswell, J. A. ve Mojduszka, E. M. (1996): Using informational labeling to influence the market for quality in food products. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 78(5), 1248–1252.
  4. Cranfield, J., Deaton, B. J. ve Shellikeri, S. (2009): Evaluating Consumer Preferences for Organic Food Production Standards. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 57(1), 99–117.
  5. Çakmakçı, S. ve Çakmakçı, R. (2023): Quality and Nutritional Parameters of Food in Agri-Food Production Systems. Foods, 12(2).
  6. Darby, M. R. ve Karni, E. (1973): Free Competition and the Optimal Amount of Fraud. Journal of Law and Economics 16(1), 67–88.
  7. Durbul, A. (2025): Factors impacting on purchasing decision of organic food in developing countries: A systematic review. Open Agriculture 10(1).
  8. Edwards, P. N. (2004): “A Vast Machine”: Standards as Social Technology. Science 304(5672), 827–828.
  9. Eurostat (2026): Total fully converted and under conversion to organic farming. Erişim tarihi: 3 Nisan 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/org_cropar/default/table?lang=en.
  10. Farrell, J. (1993): Meaning and Credibility in Cheap-Talk Games. Games and Economic Behavior, (5), 514–531.
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (t. y.) SDG indicators data portal. Erişim tarihi: 3 Nisan 2026, https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals-data-portal/data/.
  12. Giannakas, K. (2002): Information Asymmetries and Consumption Decisions in Organic Food Product Markets. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue Canadienne D’Agroeconomie 50 (1), 35–50.
  13. Huber, M., Rembiałkowska, E., Średnicka, D., Bügel, S. ve van de Vijver, L. P. L. (2011): Organic food and impact on human health: Assessing the status quo and prospects of research 58 (3-4), 103–109.
  14. IFOAM - Organics İnternational (2008): Definition of Organic Agriculture. Erişim tarihi: https://www.ifoam.bio/why-organic/organic-landmarks/definition-organic.
  15. Kalaiarasan, C. ve Kavitha, C. (2024): Customer awareness and preferences in organic food consumption. Ictact Journal on Management Studies 10(03), 1701–1704.
  16. Krasnyak, O. (2021). Competitiveness and trends management development of the organic agriculture sector. In Colloquium-journal (No. 16 (103), 52-58). Голопристанський міськрайонний центр зайнятості.
  17. Kripfganz, S. ve Schneider, D. C. (2020). Response surface regressions for critical value bounds and approximate p‐values in equilibrium correction models. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 82(6), 1456–1481. https://doi.org/10.1111/obes.12377
  18. Labiad, A. ve Marso, S. (2025): Enhancing Consumer Trust in Organic Products through The Role of Certification, Transparency, and Digital Innovation in Emerging Markets: A Literature Review. Communications of International Proceedings, 17.
  19. Macready, A. L., Hieke, S., Klimczuk-Kochańska, M., Szumiał, S., Vranken, L. ve Grunert, K. G. (2020): Consumer trust in the food value chain and its impact on consumer confidence A model for assessing consumer trust and evidence from a 5-country study in Europe. Food Policy, (92).
  20. Mardenli, A., Sackmann, D., Fiedler, A., Alghababsheh, M. ve Rhein, S. (2025): Determinants of information asymmetry in agri-food supply chains. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 36(1), 259–289.
  21. McCluskey, J. J. (2000): A game theoretic approach to organic foods: An analysis of asymmetric information and policy. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 29(1), 1–9.
  22. Meshram, S., Mansor, H. B. ve Adhikari, T. B. (2026): Recent advances in organic agriculture: innovations, challenges, and opportunities. Plant Science, 16.
  23. Nagy, L. B., Lakner, Z. ve Temesi, A. (2022): Is it really organic? Credibility factors oforganic food–A systematic review andbibliometric analysis. Plos One, 17(4).
  24. Nelson, P. (1970): Information and consumer behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 78(2), 311-239.
  25. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (t.y.). Environmental Policy Stringency Index (EPS). Erişim tarihi 1 Nisan 2026, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_EPS%40DF_EPS&df[ag]=OECD.ECO.MAD&dq=DEU%2BTUR.A.EPS&pd=2000%2C2020&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=tb
  26. Oekolandbau: Bio-Siegel: Offizielles Informationsportal. (t. y.) Erişim tarihi: 20 Nisan 2026, https://www.oekolandbau.de/bio-zertifizierung/bio-siegel/.
  27. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  28. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL). (t.y.). Area data on organic agriculture worldwide. Erişim tarihi 3 Nisan 2026, https://statistics.fibl.org/world/area-world.htm
  29. Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374.
  30. T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2021). Yeşil Mutabakat Eylem Planı. Erişim tarihi: 31 Mart 2026, chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/60f1200013b876eb28421b23/MUTABAKAT%20YE%C5%9E%C4%B0L.pdf.
  31. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Bitkisel Üretim Genel Müdürlüğü. (t. y.) BÜGEM Tarihçe. Erişim tarihi: 31 Mart 2026, chrome-extension:// efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BUGEM/Belgeler/B%c3%9cGEM%20Tarih%c3%a7e.pdf.
  32. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. (2010). Organik tarımın esasları ve uygulanmasına ilişkin yönetmelik. Erişim tarihi: 31 Mart 2026. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/aricilik/Belgeler/Mevzuat/Organik%20Tar%C4%B1m%C4%B1n%20Esaslar%C4%B1%20ve%20Uygulanmas%C4%B1na%20%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin%20Y%C3%B6netmelik.pdf.
  33. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2024a). GSYH: Hacim Endeksi: Hanehalkı Nihai Tüketim Harcamaları: Gıda ve Alkolsüz İçecekler (2009=100). CEIC Data üzerinden erişilmiştir. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mart 2026.
  34. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2024b). Çevre Koruma Harcama İstatistikleri. Erişim tarihi: 2 Nisan 2026, https://veriportali.tuik.gov. tr/tr/press/57930.
  35. Umweltbundesamt. Weighted market shares by sales of products with official sustainability-labels. Erişim tarihi: 13 Nisan 2026, https:// www.umweltbundesamt.de/
  36. Willer, H., Schlatter, B., ve Travnicek, J. (Ed.). (2023). The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends 2023. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL). Erişim tarihi: 4 Nisan 2026, chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.fibl. org/fileadmin/documents/shop/1254-organic-world-2023.pdf.
  37. Yuan, R., Jin, S. ve Wu, W. (2024). Interactive effects of information and trust on consumer choices of organic food: evidence from China. Appetite, 192.