Journals / Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 6

The Collapse Of The Centralized Government System In Ancient Egypt According To The Piye Victory Stele

Piye Zafer Steline Göre Eski Mısır’daki Merkezileşmiş Yönetim Sisteminin Çöküşü

Ercüment Yıldırım(KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İNSAN VE TOPLUM BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, TARİH BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0001-5376-4061
Pages
27–38
Publication Date
2026-07-31
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The stele provides unique, if exaggerated, information about Piye’s victories, which brought him to control much of Egypt during the period of political power vacuum, which ancient Egyptian historians refer to as the "Third Intermediate Period." This study, using the narratives in Piye’s Victory Stele as a primary reference, aims to generate new interpretations of the political climate of the period, the general characteristics of the Third Intermediate Period, and the collapse of the centralized system that had persisted for millennia in Egypt.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The stele, which depicts the victories of King Piye in Egypt, who ruled Nubia, the ancient political entity of what is now Northern Sudan, is one of the finest examples of ostentation inscriptions in Ancient Egypt and is renowned for its unique narrative style.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The stele was discovered beneath the ruins of the Gebel Barkal temple during archaeological excavations at the ancient city of Napata in 1862.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The stele provides unique, if exaggerated, information about Piye’s victories, which brought him to control much of Egypt during the period of political power vacuum, which ancient Egyptian historians refer to as the "Third Intermediate Period." This study, using the narratives in Piye’s Victory Stele as a primary reference, aims to generate new interpretations of the political climate of the period, the general characteristics of the Third Intermediate Period, and the collapse of the centralized system that had persisted for millennia in Egypt.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Piye · Nübye · Eski Mısır

Abstract

The stele, which depicts the victories of King Piye in Egypt, who ruled Nubia, the ancient political entity of what is now Northern Sudan, is one of the finest examples of ostentation inscriptions in Ancient Egypt and is renowned for its unique narrative style. Piye’s Victory Stele provides insights into the history of the period and is a propagandistic inscription belonging to the Nubian and Egyptian royal courts. The stele proclaims the legitimacy of King Piye’s rule, demonstrating the divine approval he received for his kingship, the support he received from the gods through his battles as king, and his true Egyptian identity, even though he was a Nubian king. Furthermore, the stele adopts as its central narrative narrative the biography of a heroic Nubian king who prevented the Libyan invasion of Egypt. The stele was discovered beneath the ruins of the Gebel Barkal temple during archaeological excavations at the ancient city of Napata in 1862. Piye, the Nubian king between 747 and 656 BC, attempted to bring Egypt, which had lost its political unity, under his rule through military campaigns north along the Nile River. During Piye’s attempts to control Egypt, Libyan communities were launching attacks on Egypt to plunder the agricultural income provided by the Nile. As described in the Victory Stele, Piye stopped the Libyans and succeeded in transferring Egypt’s wealth to his own treasury. The stele provides unique, if exaggerated, information about Piye’s victories, which brought him to control much of Egypt during the period of political power vacuum, which ancient Egyptian historians refer to as the "Third Intermediate Period." This study, using the narratives in Piye’s Victory Stele as a primary reference, aims to generate new interpretations of the political climate of the period, the general characteristics of the Third Intermediate Period, and the collapse of the centralized system that had persisted for millennia in Egypt.

Özet

Günümüz Kuzey Sudan topraklarının Eski Çağ’daki siyasi ismi olan Nübye’yi yöneten Kral Piye’nin Mısır’da kazandığı zaferleri anlatan dikilitaş, Eski Mısır’daki gösteriş yazıtlarının en iyi örneklerinden biri olup, eşsiz anlatım üslubundan dolayı oldukça ünlüdür. Piye’nin Zafer Steli dönemin tarihi hakkında bilgiler verirken Nübye ve Mısır kraliyetine ait propaganda yazıtlarından biridir. Stel, Kral Piye’nin yönetiminin meşruiyetini ilan ederken krallığı için aldığı ilahi onayı, bir kral olarak kazandığı savaşlarla tanrılardan aldığı desteği, Nübyeli bir kral olsa dahi gerçek bir Mısırlı olduğunu göstermekteydi. Ayrıca stel, Libyalıların, Mısır işgalini önleyen kahraman Nübyeli bir kral biyografisini temel anlatım kurgusu olarak benimsemiştir. Dikilitaş, 1862 yılında antik Napata kentinde yürütülen arkeolojik kazılarda, Gebel Barkal tapınağının enkazı altında keşfedilmiştir. MÖ 744-714 yılları arasında Nübye kralı olan Piye, Nil Nehri hattı boyunca kuzeye düzenlemiş olduğu askeri seferlerle siyasi birliğini kaybetmiş olan Mısır’ı yönetimi altına almaya çalışmıştır. Piye’nin Mısır’ı hakimiyeti altına almaya çalıştığı dönemde, Libyalı topluluklar, Nil Nehri’nin sağladığı tarımsal geliri yağmalamak için Mısır’a saldırılar düzenlemekteydi. Piye, Zafer Steli’nde anlattığı gibi Libyalıları durdurmuş ve Mısır’ın zenginliğini kendi hazinesine aktarmayı başarmıştır. Eski Mısır tarihçilerinin “III. Ara Dönem” olarak isimlendirdiği siyasi otorite boşluğu döneminde Mısır topraklarının büyük kısmını yönetimine alan Piye’ni zaferleri hakkındaki stel, abartılı olsa dahi, eşsiz bilgiler vermektedir. Bu çalışma, Piye’nin Zafer Steli’ndeki anlatımları temel referans kaynağı alarak dönemin siyasi durumu, III. Ara Dönemin genel karakteristiği ve Mısır’da binyıllardan beri devam eden merkezi sistemin çöküşü hakkında yeni yorumlar üretmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Yıldırım, E. (2026). The Collapse Of The Centralized Government System In Ancient Egypt According To The Piye Victory Stele. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 6, 27–38. https://ajindex.com/articles/1619375

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (33)

  1. Aja Sánchez, J. R. (2012). Qebeh, Qebehet and “cool water” in Piye’s Victory stela. Chronique d'Égypte, 87, 218-232.
  2. Bennett, J. E. (2019). The archaeology of Egypt in the Third Intermediate Period. Cambridge University Press.
  3. Broekman, G. P. F. (2023). Manetho’s “Three Other Kings” between Osorthôn and Takelôthis, and their importance for the chronology of the third intermediate period and the New Kingdom. Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant, 22(23), 349-351.
  4. Campbell, K. E. (2006). Rhetoric from the ruins of African antiquity. Rhetorica, 24(3), 255-274.
  5. Christensen, D. L. (1989). The identity of "King So" in Egypt (2 Kings XVII 4). Vetus Testamentum, 39, 140-153.
  6. Cole, E. M. (2015). Foreign influence in the late New Kingdom and third intermediate period. Massimiliano S. Pinarello, J. Yoo, J. Lundock, C. Walsh (eds.), Current Research in Egyptology (ss.113-122). Oxbow Books.
  7. David, R. (2021). Life and death in Egypt during the 25th dynasty. R. David, E. Murphy (eds.), The Life and Times of Takabuti in Ancient Egypt (ss.14-23). Liverpool University Press.
  8. Depuydt, L. (1993). The date of Piye’s Egyptian campaign and the chronology of the twenty-fifth Dynasty. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 79(1), 269-274.
  9. El Magd, A. A. (2012). Animal imagery in expressing royal and divine rage in ancient Egyptian texts. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 12, 1-10.
  10. Forshaw, R. (2019). Egypt of the Saite pharaohs 664–525 BC. Manchester University Press.
  11. Galpaz-Feller, P. (1995). The stela of King Piye. Revue Biblique, 102, 506-521.
  12. Galpaz-Feller, P. (1993). The victory stela of King Piye: The biblical perspective on war and peace. Revue Biblique, 100, 399-414.
  13. Gozzoli, R. B. (2003). Piye imitates Thutmose III: Trends in a Nubian historiographical text of the early phase. Z. Hawass, L. Pinch (ed.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century (ss.204-212). American University in Cairo Press.
  14. Gozzoli, R. B. (2001). The triumphal stele of Piye as sanctification of a king. Göttinger Miszellen, 182, 59-67.
  15. Gozzoli, R.B. (2021). Pharaoh Piankhy and his great stela. The books behind the masks: Sources of warfare leadership in ancient Egypt. A. Spalinger (ed.), Ancient Warfare Series Volume 4 (ss. 350-395). Brill.
  16. Green, A. R. (1993). The identity of King So of Egypt-an alternative interpretation. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 52(2), 99-108.
  17. Kákosy, L. (1964). Ideas about the fallen state of the world in Egyptian religion: Decline of the golden age. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 17(2), 205-216.
  18. Kitchen, K. A. (2002). Ancient Egyptian chronology for Aegeanists. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 2(2), 5-12.
  19. Lacovara, P. (2018). The development of the Kushite royal tomb. The Journal of Ancient Egyptian Architecture, 3, 141-152.
  20. Leahy, A. (1984). Death by fire in ancient Egypt. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 27(2), 199-206.
  21. Leahy, A. (1992). Royal iconography and dynastic change, 750–525 BC: The blue and cap crowns. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 78(1), 223-240.
  22. Lichtheim, M. (2019). Ancient Egyptian literature. University of California Press.
  23. Lloyd, A. B. (2014). Ancient Egypt: State and society. Oxford University Press.
  24. Moreno García, J.C., (2013). The ‘Other’ administration: Patronage, factions, and informal networks of power in Ancient Egypt. J.C.M García (ed.). Ancient Egyptian Administration (ss. 1029–1065). Brill.
  25. Morkot, R., (2007). Tradition, Innovation, and Researching the Past in Libyan, Kushite, and Saïte Egypt. Get Access Arrow. H. Crawford (ed.), Regime Change in the Ancient Near East and Egypt (ss. 141-164). British Academy.
  26. Murnane, W. J. (1995). The history of ancient Egypt: An overview. J. M. Sasson (ed.), Civilizations of the Ancient Near East-II (ss.691-717). Charles Scribner’s.
  27. Ritner, R. K. (2003). The Victory stela of Piye. W. K. Simpson (ed.), The Literature of Ancient Egypt (ss. 367–385). Yale University Press.
  28. Schneider, T., (2010). Contributions to the chronology of the New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period. Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant, 20, 373-403.
  29. Seutloali, J. (2025). From Kush to Cairo: Tracing the black legacy of ancient Egypt. Ink of Africa.
  30. Soliman, M. (2023). Libyan political and social impacts on ancient Egypt in the Third Intermediate Period. A. Bouhafs, L. Chapon, M. Claude (ed.), Current Research in Egyptology 2022: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Symposium, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 (ss.356-368). Archaeopress Publishing.
  31. Spalinger, A. (1979). The military background of the campaign of Piye (Piankhy). Studien zur altägyptischen Kultur, 7, 273-301.
  32. Taylor, J. (2000). The Third Intermediate Period. Ian Shaw (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (ss. 330-368), Oxford University Press.
  33. Thijs, A. (2003). The troubled careers of Amenhotep and Panehsy: The high priest of Amun and the Viceroy of Kush under the last Ramessides. Studien zur altägyptischen Kultur, 31, 289-306.