Journals / Hipokrat Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Arterial Stiffness in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson Hastalarında D Vitamini Düzeyleri ile Arteriyel Sertlik İlişkisi

Ahmet Genç(ANTALYA EĞİTİM VE ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ, KARDİYOLOJİ)0000-0003-0797-8418
Burcu Yüksel(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İSTANBUL BAKIRKÖY PROF.DR. MAZHAR OSMAN RUH SAĞLIĞI VE SİNİR HASTALIKLARI SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0000-0003-3976-5564
Pages
78–84
Publication Date
2026-08-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Lower vitamin D levels in PD and the borderline VitD×PD interaction provide a hypothesis for future prospective and interventional studies. baPWV may be useful for cardiovascular risk stratification in PD populations.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with non motor features including autonomic dysfunction; vascular aging and vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cardiovascular risk.
📊
Key Findings & Data:We investigated relationships between brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and autonomic measures in PD.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Lower vitamin D levels in PD and the borderline VitD×PD interaction provide a hypothesis for future prospective and interventional studies. baPWV may be useful for cardiovascular risk stratification in PD populations.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Parkinson hastalığı · arteriyel sertlik · nabız dalga hızı (NDH)

Abstract

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with non motor features including autonomic dysfunction; vascular aging and vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cardiovascular risk. We investigated relationships between brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and autonomic measures in PD. Methods: Ninety two PD patients and 73 age matched healthy controls were enrolled. All participants underwent wintertime serum 25(OH)D measurement and standardized PWV assessment. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models evaluated determinants of PWV including age, sex, mean arterial pressure (MAP), HbA1c, total cholesterol, BMI, triglycerides, vitamin D and PD status. Results: A total of 165 subjects were analyzed. PD patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels (median 15.00 vs 22.00 ng/mL, p<0.001) and higher PWV (median 8.50 vs 7.70 m/s, p=0.030) (Table 1). In multivariate Model 1 (R²=0.560), age (β≈0.70, p<0.001) and MAP (β≈0.16, p≈0.002–0.004) were independent predictors of PWV (Table 3). Vitamin D was not an independent predictor in the full model; inclusion of a VitD × PD interaction in Model 2 modestly increased explained variance (R²→0.571) and showed a borderline effect (B=0.048, p=0.056), suggesting a potential modifying role of vitamin D in PD that warrants further study. Conclusions: Arterial stiffness is increased in PD and is primarily associated with age and autonomic dysfunction. Lower vitamin D levels in PD and the borderline VitD×PD interaction provide a hypothesis for future prospective and interventional studies. baPWV may be useful for cardiovascular risk stratification in PD populations.

Özet

Amaç: Parkinson hastalarında arteriyel sertliği nabız dalga hızı (NDH) ile serum 25 hidroksi vitamin D [25(OH)D] düzeyleri ve otonomik fonksiyon arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi hareket bozuklukları polikliniğinde izlenen 92 Parkinson hastası ve 73 sağlıklı kontrol çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılarda kış döneminde 25(OH)D ölçümleri yapıldı; NDH ölçümleri standartize cihazla alındı. Çok değişkenli lineer regresyon ile NDH üzerine etkili faktörler (yaş, cinsiyet, ortalama arter basıncı (OAB), HbA1C, Total kolesterol, Vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), trigiserit, D vitamini, Parkinson Hastalığının varlığı durumu) incelendi. Bulgular: Toplam 165 katılımcı değerlendirildi. Hasta grubunda 25(OH)D düzeyleri kontrole göre anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (medyan 15.00 vs 22.00 ng/mL, p<0.001) ve NDH değerleri daha yüksekti (medyan 8.50 vs 7.70 m/s, p=0.030) (Tablo 1). Çok değişkenli analizde Model 1 NDH varyansının %56’sını açıkladı (R²=0.560); yaş (β≈0.70, p<0.001) ve ortalama arter basıncı (OAB) (β≈0.16, p≈0.002–0.004) bağımsız belirleyicilerdi (Tablo 3). D vitamin tek başına bağımsız belirleyici bulunmadı; Model 2’ye eklenen VitD × Parkinson etkileşim terimi modele küçük bir ek katkı sağladı ve sınırda anlamlı bulundu (B=0.048, p=0.056), bu da etkileşime yönelik hipotez oluşturdu. Sonuç: Parkinson hastalarında arteriyel sertlik artışı gözlendi; başlıca belirleyiciler yaş ve otonomik disfonksiyondur. D vitamin düzeyleri hasta grubunda daha düşük olup, D vitamin ile Parkinson varlığı arasındaki sınırda anlamlı etkileşim ileri çalışmalarda test edilmelidir. NDH ölçümü Parkinson popülasyonunda kardiyovasküler risk değerlendirmesinde yararlı olabilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Genç, A., Yüksel, B. (2026). Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Arterial Stiffness in Parkinson’s Disease. Hipokrat Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 78–84. https://doi.org/10.58961/hmj.1988165

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (20)

  1. Braak H, Braak E, Yilmazer D, Schultz C, de Vos RA, Jansen EN. Nigral and extranigral pathology in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1995;46:15–31.
  2. Lim SY, Fox SH, Lang AE. Overview of the extranigral aspects of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(2):167–172.
  3. Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, Charles D, Greenberg SM, Iadecola C, et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42(9):2672–2713.
  4. Kotagal V, Albin RL, Müller ML, Koeppe RA, Frey KA, Bohnen NI. Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and axial motor impairments in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2014;82(17):1514–20.
  5. Samuel S, Sitrin MD. Vitamin D’s role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Nutr Rev. 2008;66:S116–24.
  6. Annweiler C, Schott AM, Berrut G, Chauviré V, Gall DL, Intizari M, et al. Vitamin D and ageing: neurological issues. Neuropsychobiology. 2010;62(3):139–50.
  7. Mozos I, Malainer C, Horbańczuk J, Gug C, Stoian D, Luca CT, et al. Inflammatory markers for arterial stiffness in cardiovascular diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1058.
  8. Ilter A, Kiris A, Karkucak M, Sahin M, Serdar OF, Ugan Y. Arterial stiffness is associated with left ventricular dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(11):2663-2668.
  9. Yiming G, Zhou X, Lv W, Peng Y, Zhang W, Cheng X, et al. Reference values of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity according to age and blood pressure in a central Asia population. PloS One. 2017;12(4):e0171737.
  10. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499-502.
  11. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143-421.
  12. Tan I, Butlin M, Spronck B, Xiao H, Avolio A. Effect of heart rate on arterial stiffness as assessed by pulse wave velocity. Curr Hypertens Rev. 2018;14(2):107-22.
  13. Kim JS, Lee SH, Oh YS, Park JW, An JY, Choi HS, et al. Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's Disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2017;17(2-3):89-96.
  14. Blacher J, Asmar R, Djane S, London GM, Safar ME. Aortic pulse wave velocity as a marker of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 1999;33(5):1111–1117.
  15. van Ittersum FJ, Schram MT, van der Heijden-Spek JJ, Van Bortel LMAB, Elte JWF, Biemond P, et al. Autonomic nervous function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and normal urinary albumin excretion. J Hum Hypertens. 2004;18(11):761–768.
  16. Cecelja M, Chowienczyk P. Dissociation of aortic pulse wave velocity with risk factors for cardiovascular disease other than hypertension: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2009;54(6):1328–1336.
  17. Choudhary MK, Eräranta A, Tikkakoski AJ, Koskela J, Hautaniemi EJ, Kähönen M, et al. LDL cholesterol is associated with systemic vascular resistance and wave reflection in subjects naive to cardiovascular drugs. Blood Press. 2019;28(1):4–14.
  18. Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Terentes-Printzios D, Ioakeimidis N, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with brachial-ankle elasticity index: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2012;60(2): 556–562.
  19. Schottker B, Jorde R, Peasey A, Thorand B, Jansen EHJM, de Groot L, et al. Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States. BMJ. 2014;348:g3656.
  20. Rimmelzwaan LM, van Schoor NM, Lips P, Berendse HW, Eekhoff EMW. Systematic review of the relationship between vitamin d and Parkinson's disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2016;6(1):29-37.