Journals / Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

POST-TERM PREGNANCIES and RESPONSIBILITIES OF MIDWIVES

POST-TERM GEBELİKLER ve EBELERİN SORUMLULUKLARI

Zeynep Dilşah Karaçam(MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-7095-2758
Hüsniye Dinç Kaya(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ - CERRAHPAŞA)0000-0002-8461-643X
Pages
92–100
Publication Date
2023-04-17
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The purpose of this review; First of all, the definition of post-term pregnancy, the concepts used in its definition, its prevalence in the world and in our country, current researches in this field and the role and responsibilities of midwives in the care of post-term pregnant are reviewed in the light of the literature.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Post-term pregnancy is defined as pregnancies that continue until 42 weeks of gestation or more.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The incidence of post-term pregnancy in the world varies between 1% and 10%.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The purpose of this review; First of all, the definition of post-term pregnancy, the concepts used in its definition, its prevalence in the world and in our country, current researches in this field and the role and responsibilities of midwives in the care of post-term pregnant are reviewed in the light of the literature.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Maternal · neonatal · post-term gebelik

Abstract

Post-term pregnancy is defined as pregnancies that continue until 42 weeks of gestation or more. Many fetal, neonatal and maternal complications occur in post-term pregnancies. The incidence of post-term pregnancy in the world varies between 1% and 10%. The reason why the incidence of post-term pregnancy varies all over the world is that there is no routine guide used and obstetric practices differ from country to country. The purpose of this review; First of all, the definition of post-term pregnancy, the concepts used in its definition, its prevalence in the world and in our country, current researches in this field and the role and responsibilities of midwives in the care of post-term pregnant are reviewed in the light of the literature.

Özet

Post-term gebelik, 42 ve üzeri gebelik haftasına kadar devam eden gebelikler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Post-term gebeliklerde fetal, neonatal ve maternal olarak pek çok komplikasyon ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dünyada post-term gebelik insidansı %1 ile %10 arasında değişmektedir. Post-term gebelik insidansının tüm dünyada değişiklik göstermesinin sebebi ise kullanılan rutin bir kılavuzun olmaması ve obstetrik uygulamaların ülkeden ülkeye farklılık göstermesidir. Bu derlemenin amacı; öncelikle post-term gebeliğin tanımı, tanımlanmasında kullanılan kavramlar, dünyada ve ülkemizde görülme sıklıkları, bu alanda yapılan güncel araştırmalardan bahsedilerek post-term gebenin bakımında ebelerin üzerine düşen rol ve sorumluluklar mevcut çalışmalar ışığında gözden geçirmektir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Karaçam, Z. D., Kaya, H. D. (2023). POST-TERM PREGNANCIES and RESPONSIBILITIES OF MIDWIVES. Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1159550

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (49)

  1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Management of late-term and post-term pregnancies: ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 146 (2014). Obstetrics & Gynecology. 124(2), 390-396. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000452744.06088.48.
  2. Andersson, C.B., Petersen, J.P., Johnsen, S.P., Jensen, M., & Kesmodel, U.S. (2022). Risk of complications in the late vs early days of the 42nd week of pregnancy: A nationwide cohort study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 101(2), 200-211. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14299
  3. Bayraktar, B., Vural, T., Gölbaşı, C., Gölbaşı, H., & Bayraktar, M.G. (2022). Fetal gender distribution in post-term pregnancy and intrauterine death: Maternal and neonatal outcomes by fetal sex. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi. 64(1), 73.
  4. Caughey, A.B., & Musci, T.J. (2024). Complications of term pregnancies beyond 37 weeks of gestation. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 103(1), 57–62. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000109216.24211.D4
  5. Chauhan, M.B., & Malik, R. (2020). Post-term pregnancy. In Labour Room Emergencies (pp. 173-181). Springer, Singapore.
  6. Chen, R., Tedroff, K., Villamor, E., Lu, D., & Cnattingius, S. (2020). Risk of intellectual disability in children born appropriate-for-gestational-age at term or post-term: impact of birth weight for gestational age and gestational age. European journal of epidemiology. 35(3), 273–282. doi: 0.1007/s10654-019-00590-7
  7. Dadi, T.L., & Mihrete, K.M. (2018). Determinants of unjustified cesarean section in two hospitals southwestern Ethiopia: Retrospective record review. BMC research notes. 11(1), 1-5. doi:0.1186/s13104-018-3336-3
  8. Deng, K., Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Mu, Y., Li, X., Xing, A., Liu, Z., Li, M., Wang, X., & Liang, J. (2019). Prevalence of post-term births and associated maternal risk factors in China: data from over 6 million births at health facilities between 2012 and 2016. Scientific reports. 9(1), 273. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36290-7
  9. Derraik, J.G., Lundgren, M., Cutfield, W.S., & Ahlsson, F. (2016). Body Mass Index, Overweight, and Obesity in Swedish Women Born Post-term. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology. 30(4), 320–324. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12292
  10. Doherty, L., & Norwitz, E.R. (2008). Prolonged pregnancy: when should we intervene?. Current opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 20(6), 519-527. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e328314b6f8
  11. Ekici, H. (2020). Obstetride Temel Prensipler, Post-term Doğum, Akademisyen Kitapevi, s 103,109.
  12. Frick A.P. (2021). Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 70, 92–100. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.07.005
  13. Gao, L., Tao, Y., Hu, T., Liu, W., Xu, C., Liu, J.,. & Ni, X. (2012). Regulation of estradiol and progesterone production by CRH-R1 and-R2 is through divergent signaling pathways in cultured human placental trophoblasts. Endocrinology. 153(10), 4918-4928. doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1453
  14. Geç-Term ve post-term gebeliklerin yönetimi, Maternal-Fetal Tıp ve Perinatoloji Derneği, (2017). Erişim Adresi: https://www.tmftp.org/files/acog-diyor-ki/gec-term-ve-post-term-gebeliklerin-yonetimi-31012017.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 08.08.2022
  15. Geneen, L.J., Gilbert, J., Reeves, T., Mainie, P., Maresh, M., Smith, L. & Parisaei, M. (2022). Timing of induction of labour in the prevention of prolonged pregnancy: Systematic review with meta‐analysis. Reproductive, Female and Child Health. doi:10.1002/rfc2.6
  16. Glick, I., Kadish, E., & Rottenstreich, M. (2021). Management of pregnancy in women of advanced maternal age: Improving outcomes for mother and baby. International Journal of Women's Health. 13, 751. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S283216
  17. Güneş, M.S., & Oğlak, S.C. (2020). Geç-term ve post-term gebeliklerin fetal doppler akım özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 59(4), 235-240. doi: 10.19161/etd.833597
  18. Heslehurst, N., Vieira, R., Hayes, L., Crowe, L., Jones, D., Robalino, S.,. & Rankin, J. (2017). Maternal body mass index and post‐term birth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity reviews. 18(3), 293-308. doi: 10.1111/obr.12489
  19. Jain, P.G., Sharma, R., & Bhargava, M. (2017). Perinatal outcome of meconium stained liquor in pre-term, term and post-term pregnancy. Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research. 4(2), 146-150. doi:10.18231/2394-2754.2017.0033
  20. Kawka-Paciorkowska, K., & Bręborowicz, G. H. (2022). The role of corticoliberin concentration levels and placental CRH receptors 1 and 2 in the prolongation of pregnancy. Gynecological Endocrinology. 38(6), 478–482, 1-5. doi: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2068521
  21. Kortekaas, J.C., Kazemier, B.M., Keulen, J.K., Bruinsma, A., Mol, B.W., Vandenbussche, F.,. & De Miranda, E. (2020). Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes of late‐and postterm pregnancies in advanced maternal age: A national cohort study. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 99(8), 1022-1030. doi:10.1111/aogs.13828
  22. Latif, S., & Aiken, C. (2021). Prolonged pregnancy. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine. 31(6), 170-174. doi: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2021.04.005
  23. Lauth, C., Huet, J., Dolley, P., Thibon, P., & Dreyfus, M. (2021). Maternal obesity in prolonged pregnancy: Labor, mode of delivery, maternal and fetal outcomes. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction. 50(1), 101909. doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101909
  24. Lin, S., Chai, J., Li, J., Shang, X., Pei, L., Jiang, L.,. & Zhou, D. (2021). Incidence of macrosomia in rural areas—Henan Province, China, 2013–2017. China CDC Weekly. 3(37), 788-792. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.196
  25. Linder, N., Hiersch, L., Fridman, E., Klinger, G., Lubin, D., Kouadio, F., & Melamed, N. (2017). Post-term pregnancy is an independent risk factor for neonatal morbidity even in low-risk singleton pregnancies. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 102(4), F286-F290. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308553
  26. Maoz, O., Wainstock, T., Sheiner, E., & Walfisch, A. (2019). Immediate perinatal outcomes of postterm deliveries. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 32(11), 1847-1852. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1420773
  27. Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Osterman, M.J., Driscoll, A.K., Drake P. (2018). Births: final data for 2017. National Vital Statistics Report. 67(1):1-55.
  28. Maulinda, N. A., & Rusdyati, T. (2018). The Relationship between Age and Maternity Parity with Post-term Birth. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 6(1), 27-34. doi: 10.20473/jbe.v6i12018. 27-34
  29. Middleton, P., Shepherd, E., Morris, J., Crowther, C.A., & Gomersall, J.C. (2020). Induction of labour at or beyond 37 weeks' gestation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 7. Art. No.: CD004945. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004945.pub5.
  30. Morken, N. H., Klungsøyr, K., & Skjaerven, R. (2014). Perinatal mortality by gestational week and size at birth in singleton pregnancies at and beyond term: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 14(1), 1-9.
  31. Murzakanova, G., Räisänen, S., Jacobsen, A.F., Sole, K.B., Bjarkø, L., & Laine, K. (2020). Adverse perinatal outcomes in 665,244 term and post-term deliveries-a Norwegian population-based study. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 247,212–218. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.02.028
  32. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Inducing labour(update) (2021). Erişim Adresi: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng207/resources/inducing-labour-pdf-66143719773637 Erişim Tarihi: 08.08.2022
  33. Oberg, A.S., Frisell, T., Svensson, A.C., & Iliadou, A.N. (2013). Maternal and fetal genetic contributions to postterm birth: familial clustering in a population-based sample of 475,429 Swedish births. American journal of epidemiology, 177(6), 531-537. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws244
  34. Office for National Statistics UK (2021). Birth caracteristic dataset Erişim Adresi: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/datasets/birthcharacteristicsinenglandandwales Erişim Tarihi: 08.08.2022
  35. Pigatti Silva, F., Souza, R. T., Cecatti, J. G., Passini, R., Tedesco, R. P., Lajos, G. J.,. & Silva, C. M. (2019). Role of Body Mass Index and gestational weight gain on preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes. Scientific reports. 9(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49704-x
  36. Roberts, D., & Myagerimath, R. (2010). Prolonged pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynaecology. An evidence based text for MRCOG. Chapter19, 282-5.
  37. Roos, N., Sahlin, L., Ekman-Ordeberg, G., Kieler, H., & Stephansson, O. (2010). Maternal risk factors for postterm pregnancy and cesarean delivery following labor induction. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 89(8), 1003-1010. doi:10.3109/00016349.2010.500009
  38. Seikku, L., Gissler, M., Andersson, S., Rahkonen, P., Stefanovic, V., Tikkanen, M.,. & Rahkonen, L. (2016). Asphyxia, neurologic morbidity, and perinatal mortality in early-term and postterm birth. Pediatrics, 137(6), e20153334. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3334
  39. Singh, A.D.R. (2022). Study of babies born with meconium stained amniotic fluid in post-term pregnancy. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (EJMCM), 9(01), 2022.
  40. Tang, J., Gou, W., Fu, Y., Li, K., Guo, X., Huang, T.,. & Zheng, J.S. (2022). Association between postterm pregnancy and adverse growth outcomes in preschool-aged children. Available at SSRN 3976178. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3976178
  41. Vatten, L.J., & Skjærven, R. (2004). Offspring sex and pregnancy outcome by length of gestation. Early human development, 76(1), 47-54. Doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.10.006
  42. WHO recommendations: Induction of labour at or beyond term (2018). Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550413 Erişim tarihi: 08.08.2022
  43. Gao, L., Tao, Y., Hu, T., Liu, W., Xu, C., Liu, J.,. & Ni, X. (2012). Regulation of estradiol and progesterone production by CRH-R1 and-R2 is through divergent signaling pathways in cultured human placental trophoblasts. Endocrinology. 153(10), 4918-4928. doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1453
  44. Heslehurst, N., Vieira, R., Hayes, L., Crowe, L., Jones, D., Robalino, S.,. & Rankin, J. (2017). Maternal body mass index and post‐term birth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity reviews. 18(3), 293-308. doi: 10.1111/obr.12489
  45. Kortekaas, J.C., Kazemier, B.M., Keulen, J.K., Bruinsma, A., Mol, B.W., Vandenbussche, F.,. & De Miranda, E. (2020). Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes of late‐and postterm pregnancies in advanced maternal age: A national cohort study. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 99(8), 1022-1030. doi:10.1111/aogs.13828
  46. Lin, S., Chai, J., Li, J., Shang, X., Pei, L., Jiang, L.,. & Zhou, D. (2021). Incidence of macrosomia in rural areas—Henan Province, China, 2013–2017. China CDC Weekly. 3(37), 788-792. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.196
  47. Pigatti Silva, F., Souza, R. T., Cecatti, J. G., Passini, R., Tedesco, R. P., Lajos, G. J.,. & Silva, C. M. (2019). Role of Body Mass Index and gestational weight gain on preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes. Scientific reports. 9(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49704-x
  48. Seikku, L., Gissler, M., Andersson, S., Rahkonen, P., Stefanovic, V., Tikkanen, M.,. & Rahkonen, L. (2016). Asphyxia, neurologic morbidity, and perinatal mortality in early-term and postterm birth. Pediatrics, 137(6), e20153334. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3334
  49. Tang, J., Gou, W., Fu, Y., Li, K., Guo, X., Huang, T.,. & Zheng, J.S. (2022). Association between postterm pregnancy and adverse growth outcomes in preschool-aged children. Available at SSRN 3976178. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3976178