SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Türkiye Su Bilimi ve Yönetimi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

The Legal Framework of Water Quality Management in Turkey

Türkiye'de Su Kalitesi Yönetiminin Yasal Çerçevesi

Zinet Selmin Burak(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DENİZ BİLİMLERİ VE İŞLETMECİLİĞİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, DENİZEL ÇEVRE ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0003-0780-0687
Sibel Zeki(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DENİZ BİLİMLERİ VE İŞLETMECİLİĞİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, DENİZEL ÇEVRE ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-9001-4996
Duygu Ülker(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DENİZ BİLİMLERİ VE İŞLETMECİLİĞİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, DENİZEL ÇEVRE ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-6279-7321
İrşad Bayırhan(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DENİZ BİLİMLERİ VE İŞLETMECİLİĞİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, DENİZEL ÇEVRE ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-9404-399X
Pages
121–144
Publication Date
2022-01-13
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

An assessment of inland and coastal water quality is done according to the regulations in force and set standards.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:After the 1970’s, an unprecedented urbanization and industrial activities have resulted in severe inland and coastal water degradation in Turkey.
📊
Key Findings & Data:On the other hand, land-use planning has been overlooked due to increased demand for housing and legal gaps that weaken the enforcement in that respect.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:An assessment of inland and coastal water quality is done according to the regulations in force and set standards.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2021 Verileri
⚙️Variables:su kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi · kıyı suları · iç sular

Abstract

After the 1970’s, an unprecedented urbanization and industrial activities have resulted in severe inland and coastal water degradation in Turkey. Infrastructure investment in wastewater management has fallen behind schedule due to the lack of required extensive financing to implement large projects. On the other hand, land-use planning has been overlooked due to increased demand for housing and legal gaps that weaken the enforcement in that respect. Turkey is updating its regulations within the framework of the current EU directives after becoming a candidate country to the European Union (EU). Comprehensive reforms related to institutional and legal issues have gradually taken place with the objective of meeting the defined strategies for water pollution abatement. A new “Water Law '' has been drafted for ensuring a more efficient water management by updating the existing legal framework where needed and with emerging issues (e.g. climate change). In 2021, a “Consultative Assembly on Water'' was established to analyze the content and items of the new “Water Law '', in particular, and the conclusion statement was displayed. In this study, Turkey’s water quality management policies are presented by taking into consideration the present urgent actions and future needs, development at national, regional and municipal levels as well as the on-going EU accession process together with regional and international agreements. An assessment of inland and coastal water quality is done according to the regulations in force and set standards.

Özet

Türkiye’de özellikle 1970'lerden sonra, hızlı kentleşme ve endüstriyel faaliyetler, iç ve kıyı sularında ciddi sorunlara neden olmuştur. Atık su yönetimine yapılan altyapı yatırımları finansman ve yeterli arazi kullanım planlamasının olmaması nedeniyle programın gerisinde kalmıştır. Kurumsal ve yasal konularla ilgili kapsamlı reformlar, tanımlanan kirlilik azaltma stratejilerinin karşılanması amacıyla kademeli olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, mevcut acil eylemler ve gelecekteki ihtiyaçlar, devam eden AB katılım süreci ile birlikte ulusal ve uluslararası anlaşmalar dikkate alınarak, Türkiye’nin su kalitesi yönetimi politikaları sunulmaktadır. İç ve kıyı sularının kalite değerlendirilmesi belirlenen yönetmeliklere ve standartlara göre yapılmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Burak, Z. S., Zeki, S., Ülker, D., Bayırhan, İ. (2022). The Legal Framework of Water Quality Management in Turkey. Türkiye Su Bilimi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 121–144. https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.946225

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (55)

  1. Biswas, A. K., & Tortajada, C. (2011). Water quality management: An introductory framework. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 27(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.547979
  2. Blue Flag (2021). Blue Flag Turkey. http://www.mavibayrak.org.tr
  3. Burak, S., Gönenç, I. E., & Erol, A. (1994). Institutional and legislative structure of water quality management in Turkey. Water Science and Technology, 30(5), 261.
  4. Burak, S., Doǧan, E., & Gazioǧlu, C. (2004). Impact of urbanization and tourism on coastal environment. Ocean and Coastal Management, 47(9–10), 515–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.07.007
  5. Burak, S. (2008). Overview of water management in Turkey: Issues, constraints, achievements, prospect. In Sustainable use and development of watersheds (pp. 151–171). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8558-1_10
  6. Burak Selmin. (2009). Su Gündemi- Su Kaynakları, Yönetimi, Sınıraşan Sular. İstanbul: Beta.
  7. Burak, S., & Demir, V. (2016). The Sea of Marmara marine biodiversity, fisheries, conservation and governance: Land-based pollution in the Sea of Marmara and assessment of pollution abatement strategies. (E. Özsoy, M. N. Çağatay, N. Balkıs, N. Balkıs, & B. Öztürk). TUDAV. (pp. 849-62). https://tudav.org/wpcontent/ uploads/2018/04/THE_SEA_OF_MARMARA_2016_low.pdf
  8. Burak, S., & Margat, J. (2016). Water management in the Mediterranean region: Concepts and policies. Water Resources Management, 30(15), 5779–5797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016- 1389-4
  9. Burak, S., & Ülker, D. (2018). Which Effluent Quality for Which Reuse in the Mediterranean Region ? (pp. 124–125). Istanbul, Turkey, October 24-26 2018: 4rd International Conference on Recycling and Reuse. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338687638_Which_Effluent_Quality_for_Which_ Reuse_in_the_Mediterranean_Region
  10. Burak, S., & Mat, H. (2020). Water resources of Turkey: Urban and ındustrial water uses. (N. B. Harmancioglu & D. Altinbilek). Springer. (pp. 341–398). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030- 11729-0_11
  11. Burak, S., Bilge, A. H., & Ulker, D. (2021a). Computation of monthly runoff coefficients for Istanbul. Thermal Science, 25(2 Part B), 1561–1571. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI191102147B
  12. Burak, S., Bilge, A. H., & Ülker, D. (2021b). Assessment and simulation of water transfer for the megacity Istanbul. Physical Geography, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1904698
  13. Control of Pollution by Dangerous Substances in Water and its Environment. (2005). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=9638&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  14. Cross, K., & Latorre, C. (2015). Which water for which use? Exploring water quality instruments in the context of a changing climate. Aquatic Procedia, 5, 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.10.012
  15. Çiçekalan, B., & Öztürk, İ. (2018). III. Marmara Sea Symposium Book of Proceedings: Pressures on the Marmara Sea resulting from hydraulic and organic loads from Danube River. (A. C. Kahraman & M. Özkul). Marmara Municipalities Union Cultural Publications. (pp. 72–91). https://marmara.gov.tr/UserFiles/Attachments/2018/05/17/9a366d19-35c6-4d4d-8194- 7fac90a73c18.pdf#page=133
  16. Doğan, E., & Burak, S. (2007). Ship-originated pollution in the Istanbul strait (Bosphorus) and Marmara Sea. Journal of Coastal Research, 23(2) 388–394. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4494207
  17. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 23rd October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy (Water Framework Directive), Publ. L. No.327 (2000). https://eurlex. europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:5c835afb-2ec6-4577-bdf8- 756d3d694eeb.0004.02/DOC_1&format=PDF
  18. Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing Directive 76/160/EEC (Bathing Water Directive), Publ. L. No.64 (2006). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/ EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32006L0007
  19. Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive), Publ. L. No.164 (2008). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/ EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0056&from=EN
  20. Eker O. E., Çağlayan S. H., Bektaş, Ş., Öksüz, S., Korkmaz, F., Kaleli, N., Kantarlı S., Olgun S., Tanas, R. A., & Satılmış, M. M. (2016, December 21-23). Integrated Marine Pollution Monitoring. In the project on integrated morine pollution monitoring: 2014-2016 [Panel presentation] I. Ulusal Denizlerde İzleme ve Değerlendirme Sempozyumu, Ankara, Turkey.
  21. Kunt, M., Gürbüzler, D., Erkal, İ. F., Hacıhasanoğlu, S., & Özer, E. (Eds.). (2016). State of the environment report for Republic of Turkey. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/editordosya/tcdr_ing_2015.pdf
  22. Law on Metropolitan Municipalities, Publ. L. No. 5216 (2004). http://www.lawsturkey.com/law/law-on-metropolitan-municipalities-5216
  23. Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry. (2021, June 1). River Basin Management Plans. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=49
  24. Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry. (2021). 1. Su Şurası sonuç bildirgesi. https://cdniys.tarimorman.gov.tr/api/File/GetFile/467/Sayfa/1497/1861/DosyaGaleri/i._su_su rasi_sonuc_bildirgesi.pdf.
  25. Ministry of Environment & Urbanization. (2017). Wastewater Treatment Action Plan (2017–2023). Ankara. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/tur181401.pdf
  26. Ministry of Environment & Urbanization. (2019). 2020-2023 National Smart Cities Strategy and Action Plan. Ankara. https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/EylemPlani.pdf
  27. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. (2013). Strategy of National Watershed Management Report 2012. Ankara.
  28. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. (2017). Su Kalitesi Yönetimi Çalışma Grubu Çalışma Belgesi (Water Quality Working Group Report) 2. Ormancilik ve Su Surasi. T.C. Orman ve Su Isleri Bakanligi (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Resources, General Directorate for Water Management). Ankara.
  29. Ministry of Health. (2021). Bathing Water Quality Tracking System. https://yuzme.saglik.gov.tr
  30. Nas, B. (2017). Determination of Current Status of Domestic / Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants Across the Country Revision Needs Determination Project 2016-2017. Republic of Turkey The Ministry of Environment & Urbanization, Ankara, Turkey.
  31. Priority Actions Programme/Regional Activity Centre. (2005). Coastal area management in Turkey. https://www.medcoast.net/uploads/documents/Coastal_Area_Management_in_Turkey.pdf
  32. Regulation on Monitoring, Implementation and Preperation of Flood Management Plans. (2016). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/05/20160512-6.htm
  33. Regulation on Preparation, Implementation and Monitoring of the River Basin Management Plans. (2012). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=16695&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip= 5
  34. Regulation on Protection of Groundwater Against Pollution and Deterioration. (2012). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/04/20120407-10.htm
  35. Regulation on Protection of Waters from Agricultural Nitrate Pollution. (2016). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/07/20160723-2.htm
  36. Regulation on Surface Water Quality Management. (2012). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=16806&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip= 5
  37. Regulation on the Management of the Quality of Bathing Water. (2019). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/09/20190925-2.htm
  38. Regulation on Water Pollution Control. (2004). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=7221&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  39. Savun-Hekimoğlu, B., Erbay, B., Hekimoğlu, M., & Burak, S. (2021). Evaluation of water supply alternatives for Istanbul using forecasting and multi-criteria decision making methods. Journal of Cleaner Production, 287, 125080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125080
  40. Selek, Z. & Karaaslan, Y. (Eds.). (2019). Ecosystem-Based Water Quality Management. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
  41. The Environment Act, Publ. L. No. 2872 (1983). http://www.lawsturkey.com/law/environmentlaw- 2872
  42. The Law on Groundwater, Publ. L. No.167. (1960). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.4.167.pdf
  43. The Law on the Organization and Duties of the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, Publ. L. No.6200. (1953). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.3.6200.pdf
  44. The Water Law, Publ. L. No. 831. (1926). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.3.831.pdf
  45. The World Bank. (2016). Republic of Turkey: Sustainable Urban Water Supply and Sanitation. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/907151483607340902/pdf/P161143-01-04- 2017-1483543404823.pdf
  46. Tramblay, Y., Koutroulis, A., Samaniego, L., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Volaire, F., Boone, A., Boone, A., Le Page, M., Llasat, C. M., Albergel, C., Burak, S., Cailleret, M. Kalin, C. K., Davi, H. Dupuy, J., Greve, P., Grillakis, M., Hanich, L., Jarlan, L., Martin-StPaul, N., … Polcher, J. (2020). Challenges for drought assessment in the Mediterranean region under future climate scenarios. Earth-Science Reviews, 210, 103348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103348
  47. United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan. (2012). State and pressure of the marine and coastal Mediterranean environment. http://www.umsl.edu/~robertsondb/248/State_of_the_Mediterranean_2012.pdf
  48. Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation. (2006). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/anasayfa/MevzuatFihristDetayIframe?MevzuatTur=7&Mevzua tNo=9844&MevzuatTertip=5
  49. Uslu, O. (1985). Marine outfalls as a wastewater treatment and disposal alternative in developing countries. In C. Kriton (Ed.), Appropriate Waste Management for Developing Countries (pp. 459– 473). Springer.
  50. Ülker, D., & Baltaoğlu, S. (2018). Ship born oil pollution ın Turkish Straits sea area and MARPOL 73/78. In S. Ünlü, B. Alpar, & B. Öztürk (Eds.), Oil spill along the Turkish Straits sea area; Accidents, environmental pollution, socio-economic ımpacts and protection (pp.363-370). Istanbul: TUDAV.
  51. Ülker, D., Ergüven, O., & Gazioğlu, C. (2018). Socio-economic impacts in a changing climate: Case study Syria. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 5(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.406273
  52. Ülker, D., Bayırhan, İ., & Burak, S. (2020). Assessment and comparison of commonly used eutrophication ındexes. Turkish Journal of Water Science and Management, 4(1), 4–30. https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.583530
  53. Wilk & Wittgren (Eds). (2009). Adapting Water Management Policy, to Climate Change. Swedish Water House Brief Nr. 7. SIWI, 2009. https://siwi.org/wpcontent/ uploads/2015/03/1250679072664policy_brief_water_and_climate-3.pdf
  54. Zeki, S., Aslan, A., Burak, S., & Rose, J. B. (2021). Occurrence of a human-associated microbial source tracking marker and its relationship with faecal indicator bacteria in an urban estuary. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 72(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13405
  55. The World Bank. (2016). Republic of Turkey: Sustainable Urban Water Supply and Sanitation. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/907151483607340902/pdf/P161143-01-04- 2017-1483543404823.pdf