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Journals / Türk Veteriner Cerrahi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Prognostic Evaluation of Traumatic Neurological Damage by Electromyography in Street Animals

Sokak Hayvanlarında Travma Sonucu Şekillenen Nörolojik Hasarın Elektromiyografi ile Prognostik Değerlendirmesi

Hilal Acar(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)0000-0003-0154-9938
Hakan Salcı(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi)0000-0001-6548-8754
Pages
1–9
Publication Date
2026-07-01
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: EMG examination may have prognostic significance in evaluating traumatic neurological injuries detected by clinical, neurological, and radiological examinations in street animals.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prognosis of traumatic neurological injuries in street animals using electromyography (EMG).
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: The study material consisted of 15 cats and dogs diagnosed with neurological injuries based on clinical, neurological, and radiological examinations.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: EMG examination may have prognostic significance in evaluating traumatic neurological injuries detected by clinical, neurological, and radiological examinations in street animals.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Elektromiyografi · elektronörografi · nörolojik hasar

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prognosis of traumatic neurological injuries in street animals using electromyography (EMG). Materials and Methods: The study material consisted of 15 cats and dogs diagnosed with neurological injuries based on clinical, neurological, and radiological examinations. All cases were grouped as monoparesis, paraparesis, paraplegia, and tetraparesis according to neurological examination findings. Motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were evaluated. Spontaneous muscle activity in the thoracic and pelvic extremity muscles was graded on needle EMG. Prognosis was determined according to EMG examination findings. Results: In clinical and neurological examinations, 16.65% of the cases were monoparesis, 36.63% were paraparesis, 9.99% were paraplegia, and 36.63% were tetraparesis. Radiological evaluation revealed a bullet lodged in the vertebral canal in 13.32% of cases, a vertebral fracture in 63.27%, and a pelvic fracture in 9.99%; 13.32% showed no radiological pathology. In the monoparesis group, NCV was below 60 m/s. In the paraparesis group, 36.36% had a low tibial NCV, 36.36% had a normal velocity, and 27.27% could not be stimulated. The peroneal NCV was normal in 36.36%, low in 27.27%, and unstimulated in 36.36%. In the paraplegia group, 66.66% had low tibial and peroneal NCV, and 33.33% had normal velocities. In the tetraparesis group, all 11 cases had a tibial NCV. Tibial NCV was evaluated and was found to be low in 63.63%, normal in 27.27%, and undetectable in 9.09%. Peroneal and ulnar NCVs were evaluated in 6 cases. The peroneal nerve was low in 50% and unstimulated in 50%. The ulnar nerve was low in 16.66%, normal in 50%, and unstimulated in 33.33%. Needle EMG showed normal spontaneous muscle activity in 20% of monoparesis cases, mild spontaneous muscle activity in 40%, and moderate spontaneous muscle activity in 40%. In paraparesis cases, spontaneous muscle activity was normal (9.09%), mild (36.36%), moderate (18.18%), and severe (36.36%). In paraplegia cases, mild (33.33%) and moderate (66.66%) spontaneous muscle activity was observed. Mild (9.09%), moderate (18.18%), and severe (72.72%) spontaneous muscle activity was detected in tetraplegia cases. The prognosis was favorable in approximately 37% of cases, while it was unfavorable in 63%. Conclusion: EMG examination may have prognostic significance in evaluating traumatic neurological injuries detected by clinical, neurological, and radiological examinations in street animals.

Özet

Amaç: Bu retrospektif çalışmanın amacı, sokak hayvanlarındaki travmatik nörolojik hasarların prognozunu elektromiyografi (EMG) ile değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın materyalini klinik, nörolojik ve radyolojik muayeneler sonucunda nörolojik hasar tanısı konulan 15 kedi ve köpek oluşturdu. Tüm olgular nörolojik muayene bulgularına göre monoparezi, paraparezi, parapleji ve tetraparezi olarak gruplandırıldı. Motor sinir ileti hızları (NCV) değerlendirildi. İğne EMG’de torasik ve pelvik ekstremite kaslarındaki spontan kas aktivitesi derecelendirildi. Prognoz EMG muayene bulgularına göre belirlendi. Bulgular: Klinik ve nörolojik muayenede olguların %16,65’i monoparezi, %36,63’ü paraparezi, %9,99’u parapleji ve %36,63’ü tetraparezi idi. Radyolojik değerlendirmede olguların %13,32’ sinde vertebral kanalda mermi çekirdeği, %63,27’sinde vertebral kırık, %9,99’unda pelvis kırığı saptandı, %13,32’sinde radyolojik olarak herhangi bir patoloji yoktu. Monoparezi grubunda NCV 60 m/sn’nin altındaydı. Paraparezi grubunda %36,36’sında n. tibialis NCV düşük, %36,36’sında normal, %27,27’sinde ise uyarılamadı. N. peronealis NCV ise %36,36’sında normal, %27,27’sinde düşük ve %36,36’sında uyarılamadı. Parapleji grubunda, %66,66’sında n. tibialis ve n. peronealis NCV düşük, %33,33’ünde normaldi. Tetraparezi grubunda, 11 olgunun tamamında n. tibialis NCV değerlendirildi ve %63,63’ünde düşük, %27,27’sinde normaldi, %9,09’unda kaydedilemedi. N. peronealis ve N. ulnaris NCV 6 olguda değerlendirildi. N.peronealis %50’sinde düşük, %50’sinde uyarılamadı. N. ulnaris %16,66’sında düşük, %50’sinde normal ve %33,33’ünde uyarılamadı. İğne EMG’de monoparezis olgularının %20’si normal iken, %40’ında hafif ve % 40’ında orta şiddetli spontan kas aktivitesi kaydedildi. Paraparezi olgularında spontan kas aktivitesi normal (%9,09), hafif (%36,36), orta (%18,18) ve şiddetli (%36,36) idi. Parapleji olgularında hafif (%33,33) ve orta (%66,66) dereceli spontan kas aktivitesi belirlenirken; tetrapleji olgularında hafif (%9,09), orta (%18,18) ve şiddetli (%72,72) spontan kas aktivitesi saptandı. Olguların yaklaşık %37’sinde prognoz olumlu iken, %63’ünde olumsuzdu. Sonuç: Sokak hayvanlarında klinik, nörolojik ve radyolojik muayene ile tespit edilen travmatik nörolojik hasarların değerlendirilmesinde EMG muayenesinin prognostik önemi olabilir.

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Cite This Article

Acar, H., Salcı, H. (2026). Prognostic Evaluation of Traumatic Neurological Damage by Electromyography in Street Animals. Türk Veteriner Cerrahi Dergisi, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 1–9. https://ajindex.com/articles/1603449

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