Journals / Tıp Fakültesi Klinikleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Phytochemical Characterization and Preliminary In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of the Endemic Plant Cousinia birecikensis Hub.-Mor.

Endemik Bitki Cousinia birecikensis’in Fitokimyasal Karakterizasyonu ve Ön İn Vitro Sitotoksik Aktivitesi

Pages
51–65
Publication Date
2026-07-18
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Cytotoxicity results indicated that the methanol extract exhibited a significant anticancer effect on A549 cells, while showing low cytotoxicity in healthy BEAS-2B cells, thereby demonstrating a selective profile.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: The aim of this study is to elucidate the phytochemical composition of the endemic plant species Cousinia birecikensis and to comprehensively demonstrate its antioxidant, anticancer, and potential nutraceutical value.
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Key Findings & Data:To evaluate the plant’s potential biological activity, comparative cytotoxicity tests (MTT) were conducted on lung cancer (A549) and healthy lung (BEAS-2B) cell lines.
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Conclusion & Impact:Cytotoxicity results indicated that the methanol extract exhibited a significant anticancer effect on A549 cells, while showing low cytotoxicity in healthy BEAS-2B cells, thereby demonstrating a selective profile.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Cousinia birecikensis · antioksidan · biyokimyasal içerikler

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to elucidate the phytochemical composition of the endemic plant species Cousinia birecikensis and to comprehensively demonstrate its antioxidant, anticancer, and potential nutraceutical value. Materials and Methods: Within the scope of the study, extracts were prepared from powdered plant samples using solvents of varying polarities (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water). The total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents of these extracts were determined; their radical scavenging and reducing capacities were analyzed using various methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC). The detailed phenolic profile of the methanol extract, along with its free amino acid and carnitine profiles, was determined using LC-MS/MS. To evaluate the plant’s potential biological activity, comparative cytotoxicity tests (MTT) were conducted on lung cancer (A549) and healthy lung (BEAS-2B) cell lines. Additionally, cellular death mechanisms were investigated using Annexin-V. Results: The methanol and water extracts were found to be superior to other fractions in terms of both phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The extract was confirmed to be rich in fumaric acid and vanillic acid; in terms of mineral profile, calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium were the predominant elements. Amino acid and carnitine analyses revealed that proline, alanine, free carnitine, and acetyl carnitine were present in the highest amounts. Cytotoxicity results indicated that the methanol extract exhibited a significant anticancer effect on A549 cells, while showing low cytotoxicity in healthy BEAS-2B cells, thereby demonstrating a selective profile. Conclusion: The potent bioactive properties of Cousinia birecikensis suggest that this plant could serve as a valuable natural resource for the future development of phytotherapeutic products supporting human health.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, endemik bitki türü Cousinia birecikensis’in fitokimyasal bileşimini aydınlatmak ve bu bitkinin antioksidan, antikanser ve potansiyel nutrasötik değerini kapsamlı bir şekilde ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma kapsamında, toz haline getirilmiş bitki örneklerinden farklı polaritelere sahip çözücüler (heksan, diklorometan, metanol ve su) kullanılarak ekstraktlar hazırlanmıştır. Bu ekstraktların toplam fenolik (TPC) ve toplam flavonoid (TFC) içerikleri belirlenmiş; radikal temizleme ve indirgeme kapasiteleri çeşitli yöntemler (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP ve CUPRAC) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Metanol ekstraktının ayrıntılı fenolik profili ile serbest amino asit ve karnitin profilleri LC-MS/MS kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Bitkinin biyolojik aktivite potansiyelini değerlendirmek için, akciğer kanseri (A549) ve sağlıklı akciğer (BEAS-2B) hücre hatları üzerinde karşılaştırmalı sitotoksisite testleri (MTT) yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, hücresel ölüm mekanizmaları Annexin-V kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Metanol ve su ekstraktlarının hem fenolik içerik hem de antioksidan kapasite açısından diğer fraksiyonlardan üstün olduğunu göstermiştir. Ekstraktın fumarik asit ve vanilik asit açısından zengin olduğunu doğruladı; mineral profili açısından ise kalsiyum, potasyum, sodyum ve magnezyum baskın elementlerdi. Amino asit ve karnitin analizleri, prolin, alanin, serbest karnitin ve asetil karnitinin en yüksek miktarlarda bulunduğunu ortaya koydu. Sitotoksisite sonuçları, metanol ekstraktının A549 hücreleri üzerinde önemli bir antikanser etkisi sergilerken, sağlıklı BEAS-2B hücrelerinde düşük sitotoksisite gösterdiğini ve böylece seçici bir profil sergilediğini ortaya koydu. Sonuç: C. birecikensis'in güçlü biyoaktif özellikleri, bu bitkinin gelecekte insan sağlığını destekleyen fitoterapötik ürünlerin geliştirilmesi için değerli bir doğal kaynak olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Ağan, V., Koyuncu, İ., Ağan, F. Z., Balos, M. M. (2026). Phytochemical Characterization and Preliminary In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of the Endemic Plant Cousinia birecikensis Hub.-Mor.. Tıp Fakültesi Klinikleri Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 51–65. https://ajindex.com/articles/1602054

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