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Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Management / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Delphi Consensus on the Standardization of Assessment and Treatment Approaches for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Patellofemoral Ağrı Sendromunda Değerlendirme ve Tedavi Yaklaşımlarının Standardizasyonu: Bir Delphi Konsensusu

Javad Hassanzadeh Bakhshkandi(MARMARA UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ORTHOPEDIC AND MANIPULATIVE PHSYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION (MASTER) (WITH THESIS))0000-0001-5244-1631
Gizem Güneş(MARMARA UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ORTHOPEDIC AND MANIPULATIVE PHSYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION (MASTER) (WITH THESIS))0009-0006-6122-9847
Tuğba Kuru Çolak(MARMARA UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION, PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION PR.)0000-0002-3263-2278
Melika Charmi(ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION (MASTER) (WITH THESIS))0009-0006-3106-4885
Yağmur Özçelik(MARMARA UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ORTHOPEDIC AND MANIPULATIVE PHSYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION (MASTER) (WITH THESIS))0000-0003-0480-6039
Zubeyir Sarı(MARMARA UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION, PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION PR.)0000-0003-1643-5415
Pages
8–17
Publication Date
2026-01-29
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Additional research needs to build upon these results to create dependable diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee problem that affects young and active individuals and can significantly limit daily life activities.
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Key Findings & Data:The first-round questionnaire comprised 106 items.
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Conclusion & Impact:Additional research needs to build upon these results to create dependable diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Patellofemoral ağrı sendromu · delphi tekniği · standardizasyon

Abstract

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee problem that affects young and active individuals and can significantly limit daily life activities. Discrepancies exist between the assessment and treatment approaches described in the literature and those applied in clinical practice. Aim: To establish expert consensus on the standardization of PFPS assessment, treatment approaches, and discharge criteria commonly applied in clinical settings. Methods: A two-round Delphi survey was conducted among physiotherapists and researchers with at least one year of PFPS experience. The first-round questionnaire comprised 106 items. Items that reached 75% or greater agreement on a 4-point Likert scale were considered to have achieved consensus. In the second round, items without consensus were re-evaluated following group feedback. Result: The study involved 34 experts in Round 1 and 31 experts in Round 2. The process resulted in expert agreement on 76 out of 106 items (71.7%). The assessment parameters of pain-aggravating activities and stair climbing and pain localization and muscle strength, and daily living capability received more than 95% agreement. The treatment methods that received the most support from experts included quadriceps strengthening and open kinetic chain exercises and electrotherapy and patellar mobilization, and kinesiotaping. The assessment of pain-free jumping proved to be the most effective indicator for determining functional recovery among discharge criteria. Conclusion: The research established evidence-based management guidelines for PFPS through expert consensus, which created standardized clinical priorities. Additional research needs to build upon these results to create dependable diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

Özet

Giriş: Patellofemoral ağrı sendromu, genç ve aktif bireylerde sık görülen, günlük yaşam aktivitelerini önemli ölçüde kısıtlayabilen bir diz problemidir. Literatürde tanımlanan değerlendirme ve tedavi yaklaşımları ile klinik uygulamalarda kullanılan yöntemler arasında belirgin farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinik uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan PFAS değerlendirme yöntemleri, tedavi yaklaşımları ve taburculuk kriterleri üzerine uzman görüş birliği sağlamaktır. Yöntemler: Çalışma, PFAS alanında en az bir yıllık klinik deneyimi veya araştırma geçmişi olan fizyoterapist ve araştırmacılarla yürütülen iki tur Delphi anketi şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. İlk tur anketinde toplam 106 madde yer almıştır. Dört basamaklı Likert ölçeğinde %75 ve üzeri uzlaşı sağlanan maddeler konsensus olarak kabul edilmiştir. İkinci turda ise konsensusa ulaşmayan maddeler, grup geri bildirimi eşliğinde yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İlk turda 34, ikinci turda ise 31 uzman yer almıştır. Süreç sonunda 106 maddenin 76’sında (%71,7) uzlaşı sağlanmıştır. Ağrıyı artıran aktiviteler, merdiven inip-çıkma, ağrının lokalizasyonu, kas kuvveti ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi en yüksek düzeyde görüş birliği elde edilen parametreler olmuştur. Tedavi yaklaşımları arasında quadriceps güçlendirme, açık kinetik zincir egzersizleri, elektroterapi, patellar mobilizasyon ve kinesiotaping en fazla destek gören yöntemlerdir. Taburculuk kriterleri arasında, ağrısız sıçrama değerlendirmesi fonksiyonel iyileşmenin en güvenilir göstergesi olarak öne çıkmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, uzman konsensusu aracılığıyla PFAS yönetiminde kanıta dayalı standart klinik öncelikleri ortaya koymuş ve gelecekte geliştirilecek tanı ve tedavi protokolleri için güçlü bir temel oluşturmuştur.

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Cite This Article

Bakhshkandi, J. H., Güneş, G., Çolak, T. K., Charmi, M., Özçelik, Y., Sarı, Z. (2026). Delphi Consensus on the Standardization of Assessment and Treatment Approaches for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Journal of Health Sciences and Management, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 8–17. https://ajindex.com/articles/1592314

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