Journals / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

The Impact of Minimum Wage on Wages and Employment in Developing Countries

Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Asgari Ücretin Ücretler ve İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkisi

Pages
57–72
Publication Date
2025-10-03
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings reveal significant evidence that minimum wages have positive effects on wages in both the formal and informal sectors.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Discussions on minimum wage levels and their effects have been ongoing for decades.
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Key Findings & Data:This article, by contrast, primarily examines the impact of minimum wage increases on wages and employment in developing countries.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings reveal significant evidence that minimum wages have positive effects on wages in both the formal and informal sectors.
🔬Design:Derleme
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ücret · asgari ücret · istihdam

Abstract

Discussions on minimum wage levels and their effects have been ongoing for decades. However, most of the studies in this field have been conducted in developed countries. This article, by contrast, primarily examines the impact of minimum wage increases on wages and employment in developing countries. Numerical challenges such as the simultaneity between employment and minimum wage, and potential omitted variable bias, are discussed with consideration of the distinct labor market structures and institutions found in developing economies. Particular attention is given to factors such as the size of the informal sector, the degree to which minimum wages are binding, the level of enforcement, and the vulnerability of affected workers. The study focuses on leading developing countries, namely China, India, Brazil, Russia, Turkey, and South Africa. The findings reveal significant evidence that minimum wages have positive effects on wages in both the formal and informal sectors. Negative impacts on employment in the formal sector are generally limited, while they are almost non-existent in the informal sector. However, in cases where minimum wages are binding and effectively enforced, there are notable positive wage effects for vulnerable workers, accompanied by significant employment losses. This suggests that in developing countries, minimum wages create a classic trade-off between higher wages and lower employment.

Özet

Asgari ücret seviyeleri ve etkileri üzerine yapılan tartışmalar onlarca yıldır devam etmektedir. Ancak, bu alandaki çalışmaların çoğu gelişmiş ülkelerde yürütülmüştür. Bu makalede ise, öncelikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde asgari ücret artışının ücretler ve istihdam üzerindeki etkileri incelemiştir. Özellikle istihdam ve asgari ücret arasındaki eşzamanlılık sorunu, olası değişken eksikliği gibi sayısal zorluklar, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin farklı işgücü piyasası yapıları ve kurumları dikkate alınarak tartışılmaktadır. Özellikle, kayıt dışı sektörün büyüklüğü, asgari ücretlerin bağlayıcılık derecesi, uygulama düzeyi ve etkilenen çalışanların savunmasızlığı gibi faktörler göz önünde bulundurulmaktadır. Çalışmada gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ilk sıralarında yer alan; Çin, Hindistan, Brezilya, Rusya, Türkiye ve Güney Afrika Üzerinde durulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında, asgari ücretin hem resmi hem de kayıt dışı sektörlerde pozitif ücret etkilere sahip olduğuna dair önemli bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Kayıtlı sektörde istihdam üzerindeki olumsuz etkiler genellikle sınırlı olup, kayıt dışı sektörde ise neredeyse hiç görülmemektedir. Ancak, asgari ücretlerin bağlayıcı ve etkin bir şekilde uygulandığı durumlarda, savunmasız çalışanlara yönelik olarak, belirgin ve olumlu ücret etkilerinin yanı sıra güçlü istihdam kayıplarına yol açtığı görülmektedir. Bu da gelişmekte olan ülkelerde asgari ücretlerin daha yüksek ücretler ve daha düşük istihdam arasında klasik bir denge oluşturduğunu göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Topaloğlu, S. (2025). The Impact of Minimum Wage on Wages and Employment in Developing Countries. SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 57–72. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.1788925

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