SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu / 2026 / Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Ethical Principles in Nursing and Ethical Dilemma in Nursing in the Covid-19 Pandemic

Hemşirelikte Etik İlkeler ve Covid-19 Pandemisinde Hemşirelikte Etik İkilemler

Sıla Gül(Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi)0000-0002-5375-4864
Remziye Cici(Hitit Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi)0000-0003-3977-492X
Pages
40–49
Publication Date
2026-04-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, nurses should integrate their professional knowledge and experience with ethical values to provide the best possible care during crisis situations such as pandemics.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Ethics is the reflection of theories, principles, and philosophies in behavior by individuals who have reached a certain level of moral maturity.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The COVID-19 pandemic has created numerous ethical dilemmas in healthcare delivery and continuity worldwide.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, nurses should integrate their professional knowledge and experience with ethical values to provide the best possible care during crisis situations such as pandemics.
🔬Design:Derleme
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Covid-19 · Hemşirelik · Etik İlkeler

Abstract

Ethics is the reflection of theories, principles, and philosophies in behavior by individuals who have reached a certain level of moral maturity. Ethical principles include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, honesty, confidentiality, and justice, and they guide individual and community behavior. An ethical dilemma refers to the need to choose between two conflicting situations. Healthcare professionals are responsible for respecting human life, dignity, and rights while providing care without discrimination based on religion, language, race, age, gender, or socioeconomic status. Nurses are a professional group aware of the uniqueness of individuals and their right to care. The COVID-19 pandemic has created numerous ethical dilemmas in healthcare delivery and continuity worldwide. Nurses must adhere to universal ethical principles such as informing patients, obtaining consent, respecting autonomy, ensuring confidentiality, and avoiding harm. In ethical dilemmas, solutions should be sought within the framework of ethical principles. In conclusion, nurses should integrate their professional knowledge and experience with ethical values to provide the best possible care during crisis situations such as pandemics.

Özet

Etik, bireyin ahlaki olgunluk düzeyine bağlı olarak teorik bilgi, ilke ve felsefeleri davranışlarına yansıtmasıdır. Etik ilkeler; özerklik, yararlılık, zarar vermeme, dürüstlük, gizlilik ve adalet gibi temel ahlaki doğrular olup birey ve toplulukların davranışlarını yönlendirir. Etik ikilem ise birbiriyle çelişen iki durum arasında seçim yapma zorunluluğudur. Sağlık meslek grupları, bireylerin yaşamına, haklarına ve onuruna saygı göstererek din, dil, ırk ve sosyoekonomik durum ayrımı yapmaksızın hizmet sunmakla yükümlüdür. Hemşireler, bireyin eşsizliği ve bakım alma hakkı konusunda bilinçli meslek grubudur. COVID-19 pandemisi, sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumu sırasında birçok etik ikilemi beraberinde getirmiştir. Hemşireler bakım verirken bilgilendirme, hasta rızası alma, mahremiyet, zarar vermeme ve yarar sağlama gibi evrensel etik ilkelere uymalıdır. Etik ikilem durumlarında çözüm, etik ilkeler rehberliğinde aranmalıdır. Sonuç olarak hemşireler, pandemi gibi kriz dönemlerinde mesleki bilgi ve deneyimlerini etik değerlerle birleştirerek en uygun bakım hizmetini sunmalıdır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Gül, S., Cici, R. (2026). Ethical Principles in Nursing and Ethical Dilemma in Nursing in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 40–49. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1262527

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (32)

  1. Akça, A. F., & Usta, Y. (2018). Sağlık uygulamalarında temel kavramlar ve beceriler (8. baskı). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  2. Aktura, B. (2020). Aile hekimliği merkezlerinde pandemi yönetimi. The Journal of Turkish Family Physician, 11(1), 45–47. https://doi.org/10.15511/tjtfp.20.00145
  3. Al-Breiki, M. (2017). What influence nurses practice more: Law or ethics. JOJ Nurse Health Care, 5, 3–5. https://doi.org/10.19080/JOJNHC.2017.05.555664
  4. Alpar, Ş., Bahçecik, N., & Karabacak, Ü. (2013). Çağdaş hemşirelikte etik (3. baskı). İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi. Altun, İ. (2013). Hemşirelik esasları: Hemşirelik bilim ve sanatı. T. A. Aştı & A. Karadağ (Ed.), Hemşirelik bilim ve sanatı içinde (s. 1134–1144). Akademi Basım ve Yayıncılık.
  5. Az, A., & Akbıyık-Az, Z. A. (2021). COVID-19 bağlamında temaslı takibi: Etik sorunlar ve değerlendirmesi. Klimak Dergisi, 34(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.36519/kd.2021.04
  6. Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2009). Principles of biomedical ethics (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. Breu, A. C., & Herzig, S. J. (2014). Differentiating DNI from DNR: Combating code status conflation. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 9(10), 669–670. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.2234
  7. Burkhardt, A. M., & Nathaniel, A. K. (2013). Çağdaş hemşirelikte etik (Çev. Ş. E. Alpar, N. Bahçecik, & Ü. Karabacak). İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık.
  8. Büken, N. Ö. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi ve etik konular. Sağlık ve Toplum, Covid-19 Özel Sayısı, 15–26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVID-19: Reducing stigma. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/89490
  9. Çekiç, Y., & Yüksel, R. (2021). Metaphors of nursing students on the perception of mental illness: A qualitative study. J Psy Nurs, 12(2), 85–92.
  10. Çobanoğlu, N. (2020). Bireysel, profesyonel, toplumsal, bilimsel ve siyasal etiği yeniden sorgulatan Covid-19 pandemisi. Anatolian Clinic: The Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(Special Issue on COVID-19), 36–42.
  11. Epstein, B., & Turner, M. (2015). The nursing code of ethics: Its value, its history. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 20(2), 4. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol20No02Man04
  12. Haddad, L. M., & Geiger, R. A. (2021). Nursing ethical considerations. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526054/
  13. Igoe, S., Cascella, S., & Stockdale, K. (1993). Ethics in the OR: DNR and patient autonomy. Nursing Management, 24(9), 112A–112H. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199309000-00018
  14. Ilkafah, I., Mei Tyas, A. P., & Haryanto, J. (2021). Factors related to implementation of nursing care ethical principles in Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 2211. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2211
  15. İzgi, M. C. (2014). Mahremiyet kavramı bağlamında kişisel sağlık verileri [The concept of privacy in the context of personal health data]. Türkiye Biyoetik Dergisi, (S 1), 1.
  16. Karadağlı, F. (2016). Profesyonel hemşirelikte etik. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(3), 197–200.
  17. Kunyk, D., & Austin, W. (2012). Nursing under the influence: A relational ethics perspective. Nursing Ethics, 19(3), 380–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733011406767
  18. Lawrence, D. J. (2007). The four principles of biomedical ethics: A foundation for current bioethical debate. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities, 14, 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1556-3499(13)601 61-8
  19. Leider, J. P., DeBruin, D., Reynolds, N., Koch, A., & Seaberg, J. (2017). Ethical guidance for disaster response, specifically around crisis standards of care: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 107(9), e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303882
  20. Liaschenko, J., & Peter, E. (2004). Nursing ethics and conceptualizations of nursing: Profession, practice and work. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(5), 488–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03011.x
  21. Linton, M., & Koonmen, J. (2020). Self-care as an ethical obligation for nurses. Nursing Ethics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020940371
  22. Madenoğlu Kıvanç, M. (2015). Hemşirelikte etik karar verme. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 13(55), 63–68.
  23. Milliken, A. (2018). Ethical awareness: What it is and why it matters. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No01Man01
  24. Morens, D. M., Folkers, G. K., & Fauci, A. S. (2009). What is a pandemic? The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200(7), 1018–1021. https://doi.org/10.1086/644537
  25. Özceylan, G., & Kolcu, G. (2020). COVID-19’un birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerine etkileri. Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri.
  26. Özsoy, S., & Dönmez, R. (2017). Hemşirelik mesleğinin ilk etik kodları: Geçmişten günümüze hemşirelik andı. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 111–122.
  27. Stievano, A., & Tschudin, V. (2019). The ICN code of ethics for nurses: A time for revision. International Nursing Review, 66(2), 154–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12525
  28. Tosun, H. (2021). Sağlık bakım uygulamalarında etik duyarlılık. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 101–104. Trobec, I., & Starcic, A. I. (2015). Developing nursing ethical competences online versus in the traditional classroom. Nursing Ethics, 22(3), 352–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733014533241
  29. Tuncay, A. C. (2015). Hukuksal etik (Legal ethics): Ders notları (2. baskı). Beta Yayıncılık. Uzun, E. (2015). Adalet meslek etiği. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  30. VanderWeele, T. J., Chen, Y., Long, K., Kim, E. S., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2020). Positive epidemiology? Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 31(2), 189–193. https://doi.org/10. 1097/EDE.0000000000001147
  31. Vergano, M., Bertolini, G., Giannini, A., Gristina, G. R., Livigni, S., Mistraletti, G., Riccioni, L., & Petrini, F. (2020). Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: The Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic. Critical Care, 24(1), 165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02891-w
  32. World Health Organization. (2022). WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who. int/ Worldometers. (2024). Turkey COVID-19 statistics. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ country/turkey/