Journals / Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

THE "AMERICA FIRST!" DOCTRINE AND TARIFF POLICY: TRUMP'S NEW APPROACH TO GLOBAL TRADE

"ÖNCE AMERİKA!" DOKTRİNİ VE TARİFE POLİTİKASI: TRUMP'IN KÜRESEL TİCARETE YENİ YAKLAŞIMI

Pages
21–37
Publication Date
2025-12-26
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings indicate that tariffs under Trump became not merely tools of economic regulation, but instruments of normative and geopolitical strategy.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This article systematically analyzes the transformative effects of the "Amerika First!" doctrine implemented during the presidency of Donald Trump, focusing on its impact on global trade policy and the reconfiguration of tariffs as tools not only of economic protectionism but also of political and geopolitical leverage.
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Key Findings & Data:Unlike traditional forms of protectionism, Trump’s tariff strategy was driven by multifaceted objectives such as safeguarding intellectual property, maintaining technological supremacy, and exerting strategic pressure on rival states.
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Conclusion & Impact:Findings indicate that tariffs under Trump became not merely tools of economic regulation, but instruments of normative and geopolitical strategy.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2018–2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Amerika First · tarife politikası · ekonomik milliyetçilik

Abstract

This article systematically analyzes the transformative effects of the "Amerika First!" doctrine implemented during the presidency of Donald Trump, focusing on its impact on global trade policy and the reconfiguration of tariffs as tools not only of economic protectionism but also of political and geopolitical leverage. Unlike traditional forms of protectionism, Trump’s tariff strategy was driven by multifaceted objectives such as safeguarding intellectual property, maintaining technological supremacy, and exerting strategic pressure on rival states. The paper first traces the historical roots and ideological revival of the "Amerika First!" concept during Trump’s presidency. It then explores how tariff policy was reshaped within the frameworks of economic nationalism and strategic trade theory, drawing particularly on the perspectives of offensive realism and normative power theory to explain the instrumentalization of trade as a form of state power in international relations. Empirical sections of the article analyze the U.S.–China trade war (2018–2020), the imposition of export controls on semiconductors and microchip production (targeting firms such as SMIC, TSMC, and Samsung), non-tariff sanctions against Huawei and TikTok, and the use of tariffs to enforce intellectual property rights under Section 301. The study also examines how tariffs were deployed against U.S. allies such as the European Union, Canada, South Korea, and Japan as a form of economic coercion, and critically assesses the Trump administration’s confrontational approach to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Findings indicate that tariffs under Trump became not merely tools of economic regulation, but instruments of normative and geopolitical strategy. These policies contributed to the restructuring of global supply chains, weakened transatlantic economic trust, and challenged the normative authority of the United States in the liberal international order. Although the Biden administration introduced rhetorical shifts, the structural continuities in tariff-based trade policy suggest that the core tenets of "Amerika First!" remain influential. Ultimately, this research argues that the Trump-era trade doctrine marks a structural transformation with lasting consequences for the future of the global trade system.

Özet

Bu makalede, Donald Trump yönetimi döneminde uygulanan "Önce Amerika!" ("Amerika First!") doktrininin küresel ticaret politikası üzerinde yarattığı dönüştürücü etkiler ve bu bağlamda tarifelerin yalnızca ekonomik değil, aynı zamanda siyasi ve jeopolitik bir araç olarak kullanımı sistematik bir şekilde analiz edilmektedir. Trump'ın tarife politikası, klasik korumacılıktan farklı olarak, fikri mülkiyetin korunması, teknolojik hegemonyanın sürdürülmesi ve rakip aktörler üzerinde baskı mekanizması gibi çok boyutlu hedefleri içermektedir. Makalede ilk olarak "Önce Amerika!" ifadesinin tarihsel kökeni ve Trump dönemindeki ideolojik yeniden yapılandırılması incelenmektedir. Ardından, tarifelerin ekonomik milliyetçilik ve stratejik ticaret teorisi çerçevesinde jeopolitik amaçlar doğrultusunda nasıl kullanıldığı açıklanmaktadır. Temel analitik çerçeve olarak ofansife realizm (saldırgan realizm) ve normatif güç teorileri aracılığıyla tarifelerin uluslararası ilişkilerde bir güç politikası aracına dönüşümü değerlendirilmektedir. Ampirik bölümlerde, Çin ile 2018-2020 yılları arasında yaşanan ticaret savaşları, yarı iletken teknolojiler ve mikroçiplere yönelik ihracat kısıtlamaları, Huawei ve Tik Tok gibi teknoloji şirketlerine uygulanan tarife dışı yaptırımlar, fikri mülkiyetin tarifelerle korunması ve patent haklarının savunulması detaylı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, Trump yönetiminin Avrupa Birliği, Kanada, Güney Kore ve Japonya gibi müttefiklere karşı da tarifeleri bir baskı aracı olarak kullanması ve Dünya Ticaret Örgütü'ne (DTÖ) yönelik sistemli muhalefeti, araştırmanın temel inceleme alanları arasındadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları göstermektedir ki, Trump yönetimi döneminde tarife politikası, ABD'nin ticaret stratejisini yalnızca bir ekonomik düzenleme aracı olmaktan çıkararak normatif ve stratejik yönlendirme mekanizmasına dönüştürmüştür. Bu politika, küresel tedarik zincirlerinin yeniden yapılandırılmasına, müttefiklerle ticari ilişkilerde işlevsel diplomasinin güçlenmesine ve ABD'nin normatif güç statüsünün nispi olarak zayıflamasına yol açmıştır. Biden yönetimi döneminde bazı retorik değişikliklere rağmen, temel yapısal yaklaşımların sürdürülmesi, "Önce Amerika!" konseptinin yeni formatlarda varlığını koruduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma, sonuç itibarıyla Trump dönemi tarife politikasının yalnızca geçici bir evre olmadığını, aksine küresel ekonomik sistemde daha geniş ve kalıcı etkiler yarattığını ortaya koymaktadır.

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Cite This Article

İbrahimli, K., Paşa, E. (2025). THE "AMERICA FIRST!" DOCTRINE AND TARIFF POLICY: TRUMP'S NEW APPROACH TO GLOBAL TRADE. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 21–37. https://ajindex.com/articles/1534707

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