Journals / Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences / 2025 / Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Fig Production in Türkiye: Varieties, Cultivation, Orchard Management and Processing

Türkiye'de İncir Üretimi: Çeşitler, Yetiştiricilik, Bahçe Yönetimi ve İşleme

Atila Aytekin Polat(Hatay Mustafa Kemal University)0000-0002-5701-4767
Pages
271–281
Publication Date
2025-12-25
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

All packed products pass through metal detector control.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In the present compilation the current scientific information on Türkiye fig production: varieties cultivation, horticultural requirements, fresh and dry handling; postharvest physiology and storage, fig processing and its processed products was evaluated.
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Key Findings & Data:Türkiye led fig-producing countries with 356,000 t, accounting for 27.3% of total world production in 2023.
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Conclusion & Impact:All packed products pass through metal detector control.
🔬Design:Derleme
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Ficus carica L. · çeşitler · yetiştiricilik

Abstract

In the present compilation the current scientific information on Türkiye fig production: varieties cultivation, horticultural requirements, fresh and dry handling; postharvest physiology and storage, fig processing and its processed products was evaluated. Türkiye led fig-producing countries with 356,000 t, accounting for 27.3% of total world production in 2023. Türkiye has a share of about 50-55% in dried fig production and 52-60% in fig exports. Although the number of countries importing Turkish figs is increasing, more than 70% is sent to the EU markets. In Türkiye, the main cultivar for drying is “Sarilop” in which is favored in all fig producing countries for its quality. ‘Bursa Siyahı’ which is also is the most preferred and high quality for fresh fig in the world market with increasing export demand. Fig plants are usually propagated by cuttings. The fig plantations are established by rooted hardwood cuttings with a between and on row spacing ranging from 7x7 or 8x8 m in older low-land orchards to 5x6 or 6 x 6 m on the slopes. Generally, fig trees are trained in “open-centre” system. Table fig varieties are consumed fresh while dried fig varieties are consumed as dried fruit. In addition, some fruits are consumed as processed products such as jam, marmalade or delight etc. Owing to the extreme perishability of fresh fig fruit, the most important fig product offered to consumers is dried fig fruit. For drying of figs, the production protocol is programmed according to the demand, pass through aflatoxin control after storage stage. Figs control at least two times to sort out aflatoxin contaminated dried figs under UV lamps. During this control, other mouldy figs are also removed. Dried fig is processed in different types according to customer request (Lerida, Layer, Chocolate, Premium, Makaroni). After the stem and eye of the best quality figs are cut, they are wrapped individually and presented to customer in its special packaging. Dried figs are packed in various types according to customer’s request. All packed products pass through metal detector control.

Özet

Mevcut derlemede, Türkiye incir üretimi hakkında güncel bilimsel bilgiler: yetiştiricilik, yıllık bakım işlemleri, taze ve kuru tüketim; hasat sonrası fizyolojisi ve depolama, incir işleme ve işlenmiş ürünleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Türkiye, 2023 yılında toplam dünya üretiminin %27,3'ünü karşılayarak 356.000 ton incir üreten ülkeler arasında başı çekmektedir. Türkiye, kuru incir üretiminde yaklaşık %50-55, incir ihracatında ise %52-60 paya sahiptir. Türk incirini ithal eden ülke sayısı artmakla birlikte, %70'ten fazlası AB pazarlarına gönderilmektedir. Türkiye'de kurutma için kullanılan ana çeşit, kalitesi nedeniyle tüm incir üreten ülkelerde tercih edilen, “Sarılop” çeşididir. Dünya pazarında artan ihracat talebiyle taze incir için en çok tercih edilen ve kaliteli olan ‘Bursa Siyahı’dır. İncir bitkileri genellikle çeliklerle çoğaltılır. İncir bahçeleri, taban arazilerde 7x7 veya 8x8 m'den yamaçlarda 5x6 veya 6 x 6 m'ye kadar değişen sıra arası ve sıra üzeri mesafelerde köklenmiş odunsu çeliklerle tesis edilir. İncir ağaçlarına genellikle “goble” terbiye sistemi verilir. Sofralık incir çeşitleri taze olarak tüketilirken, kuru incir çeşitleri kurutulmuş meyve olarak tüketilir. Ayrıca bazı meyveler reçel, marmelat veya lokum gibi işlenmiş ürün olarak tüketilir. Taze incir meyvesinin son derece çabuk bozulabilmesi nedeniyle tüketiciye sunulan en önemli incir ürünü kuru incir meyvesidir. İncirlerin kurutulması için üretim protokolü talebe göre programlanmakta, depolama aşamasından sonra aflatoksin kontrolünden geçirilmektedir. İncirler, en az iki kez UV lamba altında aflatoksin bulaşmış kuru incirleri ayıklamak için kontrol edilmektedir. Bu kontrol sırasında diğer küflü incirler de ayıklanmaktadır. Kuru incir müşteri talebine göre farklı tiplerde (Lerida, Layer, Chocolate, Premium, Makaroni) işlenmektedir. En kaliteli incirlerin sapı ve gözü kesildikten sonra tek tek sarılarak özel ambalajında müşteriye sunulmaktadır. Kuru incirler müşteri talebine göre çeşitli tiplerde paketlenmektedir. Paketlenen tüm ürünler metal dedektör kontrolünden geçmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Polat, A. A. (2025). Fig Production in Türkiye: Varieties, Cultivation, Orchard Management and Processing. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 271–281. https://doi.org/10.53518/mjavl.1679749

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