Journals / Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Evaluation of Sociodemographic, Farm Management, and Udder Health Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms in Siirt Province

Siirt İlindeki Koyun ve Keçi İşletmelerinde Sosyodemografik Yapı, İşletme Yönetimi ve Meme Sağlığı Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Ebru Karakaya Bilen(ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4837-1858
İrem Çakmak(BURSA ULUDAG UNIVERSITY)0009-0004-3746-6098
Çağrı Çoban(Yozgat Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry)0000-0002-8955-2121
Mine Aydemir Dev(BURSA ULUDAG UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-3276-8148
Abdulkadir Keskin(BURSA ULUDAG UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-7149-0009
Pages
12–21
Publication Date
2026-06-23
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, small ruminant farms in the region are largely family-operated, with limited formal education and low compliance with recommended management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic-use practices.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Animal husbandry practices in 54 small ruminant farms were assessed through on-site visits and structured interviews in this study.
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Key Findings & Data:The questionnaire included two sections: sociodemographic characteristics (8 questions) and livestock management practices (27 dichotomous items; Yes = 1, No = 0) covering four domains which focused on farm management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic use perceptions.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, small ruminant farms in the region are largely family-operated, with limited formal education and low compliance with recommended management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic-use practices.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Küçük ruminantlar · mastitis · sağım hijyeni

Abstract

Animal husbandry practices in 54 small ruminant farms were assessed through on-site visits and structured interviews in this study. The questionnaire included two sections: sociodemographic characteristics (8 questions) and livestock management practices (27 dichotomous items; Yes = 1, No = 0) covering four domains which focused on farm management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic use perceptions. Domain-specific and total scores were calculated to quantify adherence to recommended practices. Most farms were family-run (92.6%), and farmers had extensive experience (26.3 ± 13.7 years; P < 0.05). Education levels were low, with over half completing only primary school and one-fifth being illiterate. Livestock served as the primary source of income for one-third of households (P< 0.05). Evaluation of farm management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic use practices revealed an average total score of 9.28 out of 27, indicating correct implementation of only 34.3% of practices. Milking hygiene had the lowest compliance (9.3%), whereas farm management scored highest (46.1%). Scores differed significantly among domains (P< 0.001). In conclusion, small ruminant farms in the region are largely family-operated, with limited formal education and low compliance with recommended management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic-use practices. The very low adherence to proper milking hygiene highlights the need for targeted training and extension programs to improve farmers’ knowledge and support evidence-based livestock management.

Özet

Bu çalışmada bölgedeki 54 küçük ruminant işletmesinde hayvancılık uygulamaları, işletmelere yapılan saha ziyaretleri ve yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Kullanılan anket formu iki bölümden oluşmuştur: sosyodemografik özellikler (8 soru) ve hayvancılık yönetimi uygulamaları. Hayvancılık yönetimi bölümünde çiftlik yönetimi, meme sağlığı, sağım hijyeni ve antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik tutum ve uygulamaları kapsayan toplam 27 ikili soru yer almıştır (Evet = 1, Hayır = 0). Önerilen uygulamalara uyum düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla her alan için ve toplamda puanlar hesaplanmıştır. İşletmelerin büyük çoğunluğunun aile işletmesi olduğu (%92.6) ve yetiştiricilerin ortalama 26.3 ± 13.7 yıllık mesleki deneyime sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Eğitim düzeyinin genel olarak düşük olduğu, yetiştiricilerin yarıdan fazlasının yalnızca ilkokul mezunu olduğu ve yaklaşık beşte birinin okuryazar olmadığı saptanmıştır. Hanelerin yaklaşık üçte birinde hayvancılık temel gelir kaynağı olarak yer almaktadır. Çiftlik yönetimi, meme sağlığı, sağım hijyeni ve antibiyotik kullanım uygulamalarına ilişkin değerlendirmede, toplam 27 puan üzerinden ortalama puan 9.28 olarak hesaplanmış ve önerilen uygulamaların yalnızca %34.3’ünün doğru şekilde uygulandığı görülmüştür. İncelenen alanlar arasında en düşük uyum sağım hijyeni uygulamalarında (%9.3) belirlenirken, en yüksek puan çiftlik yönetimi alanında (%46.1) elde edilmiştir. Alanlara ait puanların birbirinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p < 0.001). Sonuç olarak, bölgedeki küçük ruminant işletmelerinin büyük ölçüde aile işletmesi niteliğinde olduğu, yetiştiricilerin eğitim düzeyinin sınırlı olduğu ve önerilen hayvancılık uygulamalarına uyumun genel olarak düşük kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Özellikle sağım hijyeni konusundaki çok düşük uygulama düzeyi, yetiştiricilerin bilgi ve farkındalığını artırmaya yönelik hedefli eğitim ve yayım çalışmalarına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Bilen, E. K., Çakmak, İ., Çoban, Ç., Koç, Ö. Y., Ünver, A., Dev, M. A., Keskin, A. (2026). Evaluation of Sociodemographic, Farm Management, and Udder Health Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms in Siirt Province. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.53518/mjavl.1903363

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