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Journals / İmgelem / 2026 / Sayı: Küresel Modern Toplumsal Çelişkiler Özel Sayı

The Contribution of Women’s Education and Health to Economic Development: Macroeconomic Transmission Mechanisms in Türkiye

Kadın Eğitimi ve Sağlığının Ekonomik Kalkınmaya Katkısı: Türkiye'de Makroekonomik Aktarım Mekanizmaları

Elif Kaya(İSTANBUL AYDIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9757-5155
Journal
İmgelem
Pages
108–133
Publication Date
2026-10-20
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings indicate persistent gender inequality and a generally negative association between income growth and the Gender Inequality Index across much of the observed development trajectory.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the relationships between women’s education and health, gender inequality, and economic development in Türkiye using annual data for 1990–2023.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Given the limited number of observations, it employs an ARDL approach and evaluates the proposed nonlinear relationship between income and inequality through turning points, confidence intervals, the observed data range, and stability tests.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings indicate persistent gender inequality and a generally negative association between income growth and the Gender Inequality Index across much of the observed development trajectory.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği · Kalkınma · Kuznets Eğrisi

Abstract

This study examines the relationships between women’s education and health, gender inequality, and economic development in Türkiye using annual data for 1990–2023. Given the limited number of observations, it employs an ARDL approach and evaluates the proposed nonlinear relationship between income and inequality through turning points, confidence intervals, the observed data range, and stability tests. The findings indicate persistent gender inequality and a generally negative association between income growth and the Gender Inequality Index across much of the observed development trajectory. However, the cubic income term is weak, the second turning point lies outside the observed income range, and the baseline model provides insufficient evidence of cointegration. The results therefore offer limited support for a long-run S-shaped Gender Kuznets Curve in Türkiye. Women’s education remains positively associated with development, but gains in education and health do not translate proportionately into economic participation.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de kadınların eğitimi ve sağlığı, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve ekonomik kalkınma arasındaki ilişkileri 1990–2023 yıllık verileriyle incelemektedir. Sınırlı gözlem sayısı nedeniyle ARDL yaklaşımı kullanılmış; gelir ile eşitsizlik arasındaki doğrusal olmayan ilişki dönüm noktaları, güven aralıkları, gözlemlenen veri aralığı ve istikrar testleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin kalıcı olduğunu ve gözlemlenen kalkınma sürecinin büyük bölümünde gelir artışıyla eşitsizlik endeksi arasında negatif bir ilişki bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak kübik gelir terimi güçlü değildir, ikinci dönüm noktası veri aralığının dışındadır ve temel modelde eşbütünleşme için yeterli kanıt yoktur. Dolayısıyla Türkiye’de uzun dönemli S-biçimli bir Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kuznets Eğrisi güçlü biçimde desteklenmemektedir. Kadınların eğitimi kalkınmayla pozitif ilişkili olsa da eğitim ve sağlıktaki ilerleme ekonomik katılıma aynı ölçüde yansımamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Kaya, E. (2026). The Contribution of Women’s Education and Health to Economic Development: Macroeconomic Transmission Mechanisms in Türkiye. İmgelem, Sayı: Küresel Modern Toplumsal Çelişkiler Özel Sayı, 108–133. https://doi.org/10.53791/imgelem.2016148

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