Journals / Astım Allerji İmmünoloji / 2016 / Cilt: 14 - Sayı: 2

Co-Stimulatory and Inhibitory of T Cell: CD28 Family

T Hücrelerin Eş Uyaran ve İnhibitörleri: CD28 Ailesi

Pages
49–55
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, we discussed co-stimulatory molecules belonging to the CD28 family, the ligands of these molecules, and the interactions of co-stimulatory molecules with ligands.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:T cells that play role in cell-mediated immunity must be activated in order to generate immune responses.
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Key Findings & Data:Co-stimulation for T-cell activation and growth is provided by molecules of CD28 and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members.
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Conclusion & Impact:In this review, we discussed co-stimulatory molecules belonging to the CD28 family, the ligands of these molecules, and the interactions of co-stimulatory molecules with ligands.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

T cells that play role in cell-mediated immunity must be activated in order to generate immune responses. The two signals are required for T cell activation. The first of these signals is provided by the antigen. The second signal is provided by the co-stimulatory molecules. For many years it was believed that T cells do not require co-stimulation for activation. However, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that T cells need the co-stimulatory molecules for activation and expansion. Co-stimulation for T-cell activation and growth is provided by molecules of CD28 and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members. Four co-stimulatory molecules belonging to the CD28 family have been identified. These family members are CD28, inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Although CD28 and ICOS showed positive effects, CTLA4 and PD-1 molecule have a negative effect on T cell activation. In this review, we discussed co-stimulatory molecules belonging to the CD28 family, the ligands of these molecules, and the interactions of co-stimulatory molecules with ligands.

Özet

Hücresel bağışıklıkta rol oynayan T lenfositlerin, immün yanıt oluşturabilmesi için aktive olmaları gerekmektedir. T lenfosit aktivasyonu için iki sinyal gereklidir. Bu sinyallerden birincisi antijen tarafından sağlanır. İkinci sinyal ise, eş uyaran moleküller tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Yıllar önce T hücrelerin aktivasyonu için herhangi bir eş uyarana ihtiyaç duymadığına inanılmaktaydı. Ancak yapılan in vitro ve in vivo çalışmalar T hücrelerin aktivasyonu ve büyümesi için eş uyaranlara ihtiyaç duyduklarını göstermişlerdir. T hücre aktivasyonu ve büyümesi gerekli eş uyarılar, CD28 ailesi ve tümör nekrosis faktör (TNF) ailesi üyelerine ait olan moleküller tarafından sağlanır. CD28 ailesine ait 4 adet eş uyaran molekül tanımlanmıştır. Bunlar CD28, indüklenebilir T hücre kostimulatör sistemi (ICOS), sitotoksik T lenfosit ilişkili protein 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) ve programlanmış hücre ölümü proteini 1 (PD-1) molekülleridir. CD28 ve ICOS T hücre aktivasyonunda pozitif etkili iken, CTLA-4 ve PD-1 molekülleri negatif etki göstermektedir. Bu derlemede CD28 ailesine ait eş uyaran moleküller, bu moleküllere ait ligandlar ve eş uyaran moleküllerin ligandlarla etkileşimleri tartışılmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

KARASELEK, M. A., REİSLİ, İ. (2016). Co-Stimulatory and Inhibitory of T Cell: CD28 Family. Astım Allerji İmmünoloji, Cilt: 14 - Sayı: 2, 49–55. https://ajindex.com/articles/147401

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