Journals / Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Disentangling Technology Use from Infrastructure: Evidence on SME Digital Competitiveness in the EU

Teknoloji Kullanımını Altyapıdan Ayırmak: AB'de Kobi Dijital Rekabetçiliği Üzerine Kanıtlar

Eda Fendoğlu(MALATYA TURGUT ÖZAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4092-7137
Pages
1357–1368
Publication Date
2026-05-15
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It shows that the digital competitiveness of SMEs in the EU stems more from their use of technology than from their structural capacity.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Digital transformation has increasingly affected the way economies function and businesses compete in the European Union (EU) in recent years.
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Key Findings & Data:This paper examines the structural determinants influencing national digital competitiveness, emphasizing the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector, through a balanced country-year panel dataset spanning 2014 to 2024.
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Conclusion & Impact:It shows that the digital competitiveness of SMEs in the EU stems more from their use of technology than from their structural capacity.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2014 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Dijital rekabetçilik · Bulut bilişim · KOBİler

Abstract

Digital transformation has increasingly affected the way economies function and businesses compete in the European Union (EU) in recent years. This paper examines the structural determinants influencing national digital competitiveness, emphasizing the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector, through a balanced country-year panel dataset spanning 2014 to 2024. The empirical analysis, utilizing the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) as an indicator of digital competitiveness, reveals that digital transformation cannot be sufficiently elucidated by infrastructure investments or economic capacity alone; rather, the successful implementation of advanced digital technologies—particularly cloud computing—exerts a critical influence. Data from country fixed effects and two-way fixed effects panel models consistently show that using cloud computing has a positive and statistically significant effect on digital competitiveness. On the other hand, once advanced digital technology use is taken into account, broadband infrastructure penetration and economic capacity indicators are no longer statistically significant. More analyses of the time dimension show that the link between cloud computing and digital competitiveness has grown stronger over time. This suggests that cloud technologies are becoming more important in the EU digital ecosystem. In general, the results highlight the importance of having policies that facilitate SMEs' access to and effective use of cloud-based solutions. This is, in fact, a crucial way to enhance a country's digital competitiveness. The study distinguishes between having digital infrastructure and actually using the technology. It shows that the digital competitiveness of SMEs in the EU stems more from their use of technology than from their structural capacity.

Özet

Dijital dönüşüm, son yıllarda Avrupa Birliği’nde (AB) ekonomilerin işleyiş biçimini ve işletmelerin rekabet şeklini giderek etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, 2014-2024 yıllarını kapsayan dengeli bir ülke-yıl panel veri seti aracılığıyla, özellikle küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ) sektörünü vurgulayarak, ulusal dijital rekabet gücünü etkileyen yapısal belirleyicileri incelemektedir. Dijital rekabet gücünün bir göstergesi olarak Dijital Ekonomi ve Toplum Endeksi'ni (DESI) kullanan ampirik analiz, dijital dönüşümün yalnızca altyapı yatırımları veya ekonomik kapasite ile yeterince açıklanamayacağını bunun yerine, özellikle bulut bilişim olmak üzere gelişmiş dijital teknolojilerin başarılı bir şekilde uygulanmasının kritik bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ülke sabit etkileri ve iki yönlü sabit etkiler panel modellerinden elde edilen veriler, bulut bilişim kullanımının dijital rekabet gücü üzerinde pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu tutarlı bir şekilde göstermektedir. Öte yandan, gelişmiş dijital teknoloji kullanımı dikkate alındığında, geniş bant altyapı penetrasyonu ve ekonomik kapasite göstergeleri artık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Zaman boyutuna ilişkin daha fazla analiz, bulut bilişim ile dijital rekabet gücü arasındaki bağlantının zaman içinde daha da güçlendiğini göstermektedir. Bu, bulut teknolojilerinin AB dijital ekosisteminde giderek daha önemli hale geldiğini göstermektedir. Genel olarak, sonuçlar, KOBİ'lerin bulut tabanlı çözümlere erişimini ve bunları etkin bir şekilde kullanmasını kolaylaştıran politikalara sahip olmanın ne kadar önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Fakat bu, bir ülkenin dijital rekabet gücünü artırmanın önemli bir yoludur. Çalışma, dijital altyapıya sahip olmak ile teknolojiyi fiilen kullanmak arasında bir ayrım yapmaktadır. AB'deki KOBİ’lerin dijital rekabet gücünün, yapısal kapasitelerinden ziyade teknolojiyi kullanmalarından kaynaklandığını göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Fendoğlu, E. (2026). Disentangling Technology Use from Infrastructure: Evidence on SME Digital Competitiveness in the EU. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 1357–1368. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1925437

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