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Journals / Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 5

Effect of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Alkali Activated Solutions on Rigid Pavement Cost

Bahadır Karabaş(İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0416-9121
Ali Ulvi Uzer(KAYSERI UNIVERSITY)0009-0002-7916-8078
Nurullah Akbulut(Federal Waterway Engineering and Research Institute)0000-0002-4280-1581
Abdurrahman Bölücü(HASAN KALYONCU UNIVERSITY)0009-0000-9912-8327
Pages
2259–2268
Publication Date
2026-09-15
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Based on structural designs and economic evaluations performed in compliance with AASHTO 1993 guidelines, the results demonstrate that ground stabilization using 10% GGBFS+AAS optimizes concrete pavement layer configurations, yielding a 1.42% reduction in initial construction costs.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This paper examines how stabilizing road subgrade soils with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and alkali-activated solution (AAS) influences both rigid pavement layer thicknesses and initial investment expenditures.
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Key Findings & Data:For this investigation, bentonite (BT) samples representing the subgrade soil were blended with GGBFS and AAS solutions formulated with 8 molar sodium hydroxide at weight percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%.
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Conclusion & Impact:Based on structural designs and economic evaluations performed in compliance with AASHTO 1993 guidelines, the results demonstrate that ground stabilization using 10% GGBFS+AAS optimizes concrete pavement layer configurations, yielding a 1.42% reduction in initial construction costs.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Alkali activated solution · Bentonite · Ground granulated blast furnace slag

Abstract

This paper examines how stabilizing road subgrade soils with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and alkali-activated solution (AAS) influences both rigid pavement layer thicknesses and initial investment expenditures. For this investigation, bentonite (BT) samples representing the subgrade soil were blended with GGBFS and AAS solutions formulated with 8 molar sodium hydroxide at weight percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Proctor and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) trials were carried out on the prepared formulations. Following a 28-day curing stage, the maximum compressive strength performance was observed in the 10% GGBFS+AAS blends. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) assessments conducted on the control soil versus the optimum 10% GGBFS+AAS mixture indicated an 11.80 fold enhancement in the CBR performance of the modified soil. Based on structural designs and economic evaluations performed in compliance with AASHTO 1993 guidelines, the results demonstrate that ground stabilization using 10% GGBFS+AAS optimizes concrete pavement layer configurations, yielding a 1.42% reduction in initial construction costs.

Özet

This paper examines how stabilizing road subgrade soils with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and alkali-activated solution (AAS) influences both rigid pavement layer thicknesses and initial investment expenditures. For this investigation, bentonite (BT) samples representing the subgrade soil were blended with GGBFS and AAS solutions formulated with 8 molar sodium hydroxide at weight percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Proctor and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) trials were carried out on the prepared formulations. Following a 28-day curing stage, the maximum compressive strength performance was observed in the 10% GGBFS+AAS blends. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) assessments conducted on the control soil versus the optimum 10% GGBFS+AAS mixture indicated an 11.80 fold enhancement in the CBR performance of the modified soil. Based on structural designs and economic evaluations performed in compliance with AASHTO 1993 guidelines, the results demonstrate that ground stabilization using 10% GGBFS+AAS optimizes concrete pavement layer configurations, yielding a 1.42% reduction in initial construction costs.

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Cite This Article

Karabaş, B., Uzer, A. U., Akbulut, N., Bölücü, A. (2026). Effect of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Alkali Activated Solutions on Rigid Pavement Cost. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 5, 2259–2268. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1980846

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