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Journals / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16): Validity and Reliability Study in Turkish

Prodromal Belirti Ölçeği-16 (PBÖ-16): Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Duygu Özer(BARTIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-5800-5099
Elvan Emine Ata(Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Hamidiye Hemşirelik Fakültesi)0000-0002-5920-8207
Merve Sarıtaş Arslan(BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9489-3553
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: The results indicate that the Turkish PQ-16 is both a valid and reliable measurement tool.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Early recognition of psychosis could reduce functional decline and healthcare costs by positively affecting the course of the disorder.
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Key Findings & Data:The study investigated the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16).
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: The results indicate that the Turkish PQ-16 is both a valid and reliable measurement tool.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:2024 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Prodromal · scale · reliability

Abstract

Objective: Early recognition of psychosis could reduce functional decline and healthcare costs by positively affecting the course of the disorder. Thus, the use of fast and reliable screening tools is crucial. The study investigated the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16). Materials and Methods: This methodological research was conducted with individuals aged 18–65 years between June-December 2024. Data collection instruments included the Personal Information Form and PQ-16. The scale was evaluated through language and content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, convergent and discriminant validity, item–total correlations, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), and test–retest reliability. Results: The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the 16-item structure, identifying three factors that accounted for 41.85% of the variance. The confirmatory factor analysis also supported this model. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as 0.80, with item loadings ranging from 0.31 to 0.59. Test–retest analysis indicated strong reliability (r = 0.922, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results indicate that the Turkish PQ-16 is both a valid and reliable measurement tool. Its short and practical format makes it effective in detecting prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Therefore, the scale is recommended for use in early detection efforts by mental health professionals.

Özet

Amaç: Psikozun erken dönemde tanınması, hastalığın seyrini olumlu yönde etkileyerek işlevsel kayıpların azaltılmasına ve sağlık harcamalarının düşürülmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Bu nedenle hızlı ve güvenilir tarama araçlarının kullanımı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, Prodromal Belirti Ölçeği-16’nın (PQ-16) Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Metodolojik nitelikteki bu araştırma, Haziran–Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında 18–65 yaş aralığındaki bireylerle yürütüldü. Veri toplama araçları olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve PQ-16 kullanıldı. Ölçeğin dil ve kapsam geçerliliği, açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, yakınsak ve ayrışan geçerlilik, madde-toplam korelasyonları, iç tutarlılık katsayısı (Cronbach alfa) ve test–tekrar test güvenirliği değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Açımlayıcı faktör analizi, ölçeğin 16 maddelik yapısını doğrulamış ve üç faktörün toplam varyansın %41.85’ini açıkladığını gösterdi. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları da bu modeli destekledi. Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0.80 olarak ve madde yükleri 0.31 ile 0.59 arasında bulundu. Test–tekrar test analizi, yüksek düzeyde güvenirlik gösterdi (r = 0.922; p < 0.001). Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, PQ-16’nın Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ölçeğin kısa ve pratik yapısı, psikozun prodromal belirtilerinin belirlenmesinde etkinliğini artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, ruh sağlığı alanında çalışan profesyoneller tarafından erken tanılama süreçlerinde kullanılması önerilmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Özer, D., Ata, E. E., Arslan, M. S. (2026). Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16): Validity and Reliability Study in Turkish. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Volume: 15 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1771816

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