SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Anatolian Current Medical Journal / 2026 / Volume: 5 Issue: 2

The effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure on apoptosis, neurodegeneration and trace element levels in the rat brain

Mehmet Onat Çakıt(University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department Of Family Medicine)0000-0002-6880-4633
Gökhan Koca(University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine)0000-0003-2842-9223
Aylin Akbulut(University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine)0000-0003-4665-7895
Onur Erdem(University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology)0000-0001-9469-5066
Serdar Çetinkaya(University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology)0000-0001-9469-5066
Gaye Umurhan(Gazi University, Non-ionizing Radiation Protection, Application and Research Center)0000-0001-8891-9510
Nur Aydinbelge(University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine)0000-0002-9657-6906
Meric Esmekaya(Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics)0000-0003-1849-9068
Nihat Yumuşak(Harran University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology)0000-0002-9299-2902
Ayşe Gülnihal Canseven Kurşun(Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics)0000-0003-0716-7981
Meliha Korkmaz(University of Health Scences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine)0000-0002-2258-8277
Pages
—
Publication Date
2023-03-27
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These changes may cause various biological damage, especially cancer in healthy tissues and measures should be taken to minimize extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure in daily life in terms of protecting public health.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 1mT, 1.5 mT, and 2 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic fields, which were within the limits for public environmental and occupational magnetic field exposure guidelines, on apoptosis, neurodegeneration and trace elements in rat brain cells.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Material and Method: A total of 35 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four main groups: Group 1 (n=8) was healthy controls; Group 2 (n=9) was exposed to 1 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field; Group 3 (n=9) was exposed to 1.5 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field and Group 4 (n=9) was exposed to 2 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:These changes may cause various biological damage, especially cancer in healthy tissues and measures should be taken to minimize extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure in daily life in terms of protecting public health.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Extremely low frequency · Electromagnetic field · Rat brain

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 1mT, 1.5 mT, and 2 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic fields, which were within the limits for public environmental and occupational magnetic field exposure guidelines, on apoptosis, neurodegeneration and trace elements in rat brain cells. Material and Method: A total of 35 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four main groups: Group 1 (n=8) was healthy controls; Group 2 (n=9) was exposed to 1 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field; Group 3 (n=9) was exposed to 1.5 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field and Group 4 (n=9) was exposed to 2 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field. All the rats in the exposure groups were exposed to 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic field for 4 hours per day, 5 days per week for 30 days in the Helmholtz coils. After the exposure, rats were sacrificed and rat brains were evaluated for histopathological and immunohistochemical changes as well as about the trace element levels in the brain. Results: Different levels of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field doses caused increases in Ca levels and increased apoptosis in the rat brain. As the applied extremely low-frequency magnetic field levels increased, so did the apoptosis and Ca levels in the brain tissues. Conclusion: Extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure caused neurodegeneration in rat brain tissue, increased apoptosis, and increased Ca concentration. These changes may cause various biological damage, especially cancer in healthy tissues and measures should be taken to minimize extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure in daily life in terms of protecting public health.

🔖

Cite This Article

Çakıt, M. O., Koca, G., Akbulut, A., Erdem, O., Çetinkaya, S., Umurhan, G., Aydinbelge, N., Esmekaya, M., Yumuşak, N., Kurşun, A. G. C., Korkmaz, M. (2023). The effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure on apoptosis, neurodegeneration and trace element levels in the rat brain. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, Volume: 5 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1245104

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (36)

  1. Kim JH, Lee JK, Kim HG, et al. Possible Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure on Central Nerve System. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27: 265-75.
  2. Mansourian M, Marateb HR, Vaseghi G. The effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (50-60 Hz) exposure on spontaneous apoptosis: The results of a meta-analysis. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5: 141.
  3. Fadeel B, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B. Apoptosis in human disease: A new skin for the old ceremony? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 266: 699–717.
  4. Byus CV, Pieper SE, Adey R. The effects of low-energy 60 Hz environmental electromagnetic fields upon the growth related enzyme ornithine decarboxylase. Carcinogenesis 1987; 8: 1385–9.
  5. Frey A, On the Nature of Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Biological Systems. Landes Company, Medical Intelligence Unit, R.G, Austin, TX. 1994.
  6. Nie Y, Du L, Mou Y, et al. Effect of low frequency magnetic fields on melanoma: Tumor inhibition and immune modulation. BMC Cancer 2013; 13: 582.
  7. Garip AI, Akan Z. Effect of ELF-EMF on number of apoptotic cells; correlation with reactive oxygen species and HSP. Acta Biol Hung 2010; 61: 158-67.
  8. Basile A, Zeppa R, Pasquino N, et al. Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field raises the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein BAG3 in melanoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226: 2901–7.
  9. Erdem O, Akay C, Cevher SC, et al. Effects of Intermittent and Continuous Magnetic Fields on Trace Element Levels in Guinea Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181: 265-71.
  10. Canseven AG, Seyhan N, Aydın A, et al. Effects of ambient ELF magnetic fields: variations in electrolyte levels in the brain and blood plasma. Gazi Medical Journal 2005; 16: 121-7.
  11. Canseven A, Seyhan N. Ellipsoid Models for Human and Guinea Pigs Exposed to Magnetic Fields, IEEE.
  12. Canseven AG, Seyhan N. Design, installation and standardization of homogeneous magnetic field systems for experimental animals. IFMBE Proceedings, Vol. 11. Prague: IFMBE, ISSN 1727–1983. In: Hozman J, Kneppo P, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd European Medical & Biological Engineering Conference (EMBEC 2005). Prague, Czech Republic 2005: 2333-8.
  13. Luna LG. Manual of histologic staining methods of the armed forces. Institute of Pathology. New York: Blakiston, 1968; pp 1-46.
  14. Turbin DA, Leung S, Cheang MCU, et al. Automated quantitative analysis of estrogen receptor expression in breast carcinoma does not differ from expert pathologist scoring: A tissue microarray study of 3,484 cases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 110: 417–26.
  15. Detre S, Saccani Jotti G, Dowsett M. A “quickscore” method for immunohistochemical semiquantitation: validation for oestrogen receptor in breast carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48: 876–8.
  16. Koca G, Singar E, Akbulut A, et al. The effect of resveratrol on radioiodine therapy-associated lacrimal gland damage. Curr Eye Res 2020; 8: 1-10.
  17. Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, et al. Old new and emerging functions of caspases. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22: 526–39.
  18. Yumusak N, Sadic M, Yucel G, et al. Apoptosis and cell proliferation in short-term and long-term effects of radioiodine-131-induced kidney damage: an experimental and immunohistochemical study. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39: 131-9.
  19. Basile A, Zeppa R, Pasquino N, et al. Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field raises the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein BAG3 in melanoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226: 2901-7.
  20. Kurian MV, Hamilton L, Keeven J, et al. Enhanced cell survival and diminished apoptotic response to simulated ischemia-reperfusion in H9c2 celss by magnetic field preconditioning. Apoptosis 2012; 17: 1182-96.
  21. Kim YW, Kim HS, Lee JS, et al. Effects of 60 Hz 14 µT magnetic field on the apoptosis of testicular germ cell in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30: 66-72.
  22. Kim HS, Park BJ, Jang HJ, et al. Continuous exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields induces duration and dose dependent apoptosis of testicular germ cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 35: 100-7.
  23. Ulku R, Akdag MZ, Erdogan S, et al. Extremely low-frequency magnetic field decreased calcium, zinc and magnesium levels in costa of rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:359-67.
  24. Gmitrova A, Ivanco I, Gmitrov J, et al. Biological effects of magnetic field on laboratory animals. J Bioelectricity 1988; 7: 123-4.
  25. Garcia-Sancho J, Montero m, Alvarez J, et al. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on ion transport in several mammalian cells. Bioelectromagnetics 1994; 15: 579-88.
  26. Sun ZC, Ge JL, Guo B, et al. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate vesicle endocytosis by ıncreasing presynaptic calcium channel expression at a central synapse. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 21774.
  27. Santini MT, Ferrante A, Rainaldi G, et al. Extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields and apoptosis: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2005; 81: 1-11.
  28. Sheikh MS, Huang Y. TRAIL death receptors, Bcl-2 protein family, and endoplasmic reticulum calcium pool. Vitam Horm 2004; 67: 169-88.
  29. Stratton D, Lange S, Inal JM. Pulsed extremely low-extremely low-frequency magnetic fields stimulate microvesicle release from human monocytic leukaemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 430: 470-5.
  30. Nittby H, Grafström G, Eberhardt JL, et al. Radiofrequency and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field effects on the blood-brain barrier. Electromagn Biol Med 2008; 27: 103-26.
  31. Burchard JF, Nguyen DH, Block E. Macro- and trace element concentrations in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of dairy cows exposed to electric and magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20: 358-64.
  32. Lai H, Singhh NP. Magnetic-field induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112: 687-94.
  33. Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Ulukaya E, et al. Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on caspase activities and oxidative stress values in rat brain. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 138: 238-49.
  34. Oda T, Koike T. Magnetic field exposure saves rat cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2004; 22; 365: 83-6.
  35. Falone S, Mirabilio A, Carbone MC, et al. Chronic exposure to 50Hz magnetic fields causes a significant weakening of antioxidant defence systems in aged rat brain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40: 2762-70.
  36. Toescu EC. Apoptosis and cell death in neuronal cells: where does Ca2+ fit in? Cell Calcium 1998; 24: 387-403.