AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightThese findings should be interpreted as supplementary to clinical assessment and imaging and should not be used to exclude testicular torsion or delay definitive management.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of immature granulocyte (IG) count in differentiating testicular torsion from epididymo-orchitis. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 27 patients with testicular torsion, 65 patients with epididymo-orchitis and 90 control group who presented with acute scrotal pain between May 2023 and December 2025 were included. White blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), immature granulocyte count (IG) and IG percentage (IG%) were evaluated in all participants. The diagnostic performance of these parameters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and independent predictors were determined by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: WBC, NLR, CRP, IG and IG% levels were significantly higher in the epididymo-orchitis group compared to both the testicular torsion and control groups (all p<0.001). In differentiating epididymo orchitis from testicular torsion, CRP demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance (AUC=0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.92), followed by NLR (AUC=0.83), IG (AUC=0.82), WBC (AUC=0.80) and IG% (AUC=0.79) (all p<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis; IG (OR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.46-4.25, p<0.05), NLR (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.20-2.55, p<0.05) and CRP (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15, p<0.05) were identified as independently associated with epididymo-orchitis. In a secondary model additionally adjusted for symptom duration, IG remained independently associated with epididymo-orchitis (OR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.20-5.10, p<0.05). Conclusion: IG count may provide complementary information in the differential assessment of testicular torsion and epididymo-orchitis. These findings should be interpreted as supplementary to clinical assessment and imaging and should not be used to exclude testicular torsion or delay definitive management.