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Journals / Anatolian Current Medical Journal / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Mechanical and optical performance of crown restorations fabricated by milling and additive manufacturing

Frezeleme ve katmanlı imalat ile üretilen kron restorasyonlarının mekanik ve optik performansı

Emel Arslan(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi)0000-0002-9767-0080
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-01-06
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Laboratory polishing-alone or combined with glazing-is recommended for optimal surface quality and color stability. 3D-printed permanent resin crowns offer aesthetic potential but lower mechanical strength, whereas monolithic zirconia is the more reliable option for stress-bearing indications.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: While growing demand for aesthetically pleasing, durable, and digitally compatible dental restorations increases, monolithic zirconia and three-dimensional (3D) printed permanent resin have become prominent in prosthodontics.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: Sixty crown specimens (n=10 per group) were fabricated from monolithic zirconia (group Z; Katana YML, A2) and a 3D-printed permanent resin (group S; Sprintray Crown, A2).
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Conclusion & Impact:Laboratory polishing-alone or combined with glazing-is recommended for optimal surface quality and color stability. 3D-printed permanent resin crowns offer aesthetic potential but lower mechanical strength, whereas monolithic zirconia is the more reliable option for stress-bearing indications.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Color stability · monolithic zirconia · surface finishing

Abstract

Aims: While growing demand for aesthetically pleasing, durable, and digitally compatible dental restorations increases, monolithic zirconia and three-dimensional (3D) printed permanent resin have become prominent in prosthodontics. Methods: Sixty crown specimens (n=10 per group) were fabricated from monolithic zirconia (group Z; Katana YML, A2) and a 3D-printed permanent resin (group S; Sprintray Crown, A2). Specimen received one of three surface-finishing protocols: polishing, glazing, or polishing plus glazing. Baseline surface roughness (Ra), color values, and Vickers microhardness were recorded. After thermocycling to simulate one year of clinical aging, the measurements were repeated. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Turkiye’s post-hoc test (α=0.05). Results: Group Z showed superior microhardness compared to group S (p<0.05). Polishing reduced Ra and color change, with a combined polishing and glazing protocol yielding smoother surfaces. 3D-printed permanent resin improved aesthetic stability but lacked mechanical performance in high-stress clinical applications. Conclusion: Surface-finishing protocols substantially influence the optical and mechanical behavior of these restorative materials. Laboratory polishing-alone or combined with glazing-is recommended for optimal surface quality and color stability. 3D-printed permanent resin crowns offer aesthetic potential but lower mechanical strength, whereas monolithic zirconia is the more reliable option for stress-bearing indications.

Özet

Özet: Amaç: Estetik açıdan hoş, dayanıklı ve dijital olarak uyumlu diş restorasyonlarına olan talep artarken, monolitik zirkonya ve 3D baskılı kalıcı reçine protezlerde öne çıkmıştır. Yöntemler: Altmış kron numunesi (her grupta n=10) monolitik zirkonya (Grup Z; Katana YML, A2) ve 3D baskılı kalıcı reçine (Grup S; Sprintray Crown, A2) kullanılarak 60 kron numunesi (her grupta n=10) üretildi. Numuneler, üç yüzey bitirme protokolünden birine tabi tutuldu: parlatma, sırlama veya parlatma artı sırlama. Başlangıç yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra), renk değerleri ve Vickers mikro sertliği kaydedildi. Bir yıllık klinik yaşlanmayı simüle etmek için termik döngü uygulandıktan sonra ölçümler tekrarlandı. Veriler, iki yönlü tekrarlanan ölçümler ANOVA ve ardından Tukey'in post-hoc testi (α=0,05) kullanılarak analiz edildi. Sonuçlar: Grup Z, Grup S'ye kıyasla üstün mikro sertlik gösterdi (P<0,05). Parlatma, yüzey pürüzlülüğünü ve renk değişimini azalttı; parlatma ve sırlama protokolünün birleşimi daha pürüzsüz yüzeyler sağladı. 3D baskılı kalıcı reçine estetik stabiliteyi artırdı, ancak yüksek stresli klinik uygulamalarda mekanik performans açısından yetersiz kaldı. Bulgular: Yüzey bitirme protokolleri, bu restoratif malzemelerin optik ve mekanik davranışını önemli ölçüde etkiler. Optimum yüzey kalitesi ve renk stabilitesi için laboratuvar parlatma tek başına veya sırlama ile birlikte önerilir. 3D baskılı kalıcı reçine, estetik stabiliteyi iyileştirdi ancak yüksek stresli klinik uygulamalarda mekanik performans açısından yetersiz kaldı. Sonuç: Yüzey bitirme protokolleri, bu restoratif malzemelerin optik ve mekanik davranışını önemli ölçüde etkiler. Optimum yüzey kalitesi ve renk stabilitesi için laboratuvar parlatma tek başına veya sırlama ile birlikte önerilir. 3D baskılı kalıcı reçine kronlar estetik potansiyel sunar ancak mekanik mukavemeti daha düşüktür, oysa monolitik zirkonya, stres taşıyan endikasyonlar için daha güvenilir bir seçenektir.

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Cite This Article

Arslan, E. (2026). Mechanical and optical performance of crown restorations fabricated by milling and additive manufacturing. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, Volume: 8 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1797381

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